Difference between revisions of "Sporulation"

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(→‎Newly identified sporulation proteins (based on transcription profiling))
(→‎Important original publications)
 
(42 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 93: Line 93:
 
==== not yet assigned ====
 
==== not yet assigned ====
 
* ''[[cgeA]]''
 
* ''[[cgeA]]''
 +
* ''[[cgeB]]''
 +
* ''[[cgeC]]''
 +
* ''[[cgeD]]''
 +
* ''[[cgeE]]''
 
* ''[[cmpA]]''
 
* ''[[cmpA]]''
 
* ''[[cotC]]''
 
* ''[[cotC]]''
Line 101: Line 105:
 
* ''[[cotJB]]''
 
* ''[[cotJB]]''
 
* ''[[cotJC]]''
 
* ''[[cotJC]]''
 +
* ''[[cotR]]''
 
* ''[[cotSA]]''
 
* ''[[cotSA]]''
 
* ''[[cotV]]''
 
* ''[[cotV]]''
Line 108: Line 113:
 
* ''[[gerR]]''
 
* ''[[gerR]]''
 
* ''[[gerT]]''
 
* ''[[gerT]]''
 +
* ''[[ldt]]''
 +
* ''[[safA]]''
 +
* ''[[spsB]]''
 +
* ''[[yabG]]''
 +
* ''[[ygaK]]''
 +
* ''[[ydhD]]''
 +
* ''[[yhbB]]''
 +
* ''[[yheC]]''
 +
* ''[[yisJ]]''
 +
* ''[[yjdH]]''
 +
* ''[[ykvP]]''
 +
* ''[[yobN]]''
 +
* ''[[yodI]]''
 +
* ''[[ypeP]]''
 +
* ''[[yqfT]]''
 +
* ''[[ywqH]]''
  
 
====Important publications on the spore coat====
 
====Important publications on the spore coat====
−
<pubmed> 22171814 20451384 22192522 23202530 22262582</pubmed>
+
<pubmed> 22171814 20451384 22192522 23202530 22262582 24283940  26512126 27790212</pubmed>
  
 
=== Spore coat protein/ based on similarity ===  
 
=== Spore coat protein/ based on similarity ===  
Line 139: Line 160:
 
* ''[[ligD]]''
 
* ''[[ligD]]''
 
* ''[[ykoV]]''
 
* ''[[ykoV]]''
 +
 +
=== Utilization of specific carbon sources===
 +
* ''[[hbuT]]''
 +
* ''[[mmgA]]''
 +
* ''[[mmgB]]''
 +
* ''[[mmgC]]''
 +
* ''[[mmgD]]''
 +
* ''[[mmgE]]''
 +
* ''[[scoA]]''
 +
* ''[[scoB]]''
 +
* ''[[yqiQ]]''
 +
* ''[[yxjF]]''
  
 
=== Sporulation proteins/ other ===  
 
=== Sporulation proteins/ other ===  
Line 151: Line 184:
 
* ''[[ccpB]]''
 
* ''[[ccpB]]''
 
* ''[[cdaS]]''
 
* ''[[cdaS]]''
−
* ''[[cgeB]]''
 
−
* ''[[cgeC]]''
 
−
* ''[[cgeD]]''
 
−
* ''[[cgeE]]''
 
 
* ''[[chaA]]''
 
* ''[[chaA]]''
 
* ''[[clpC]]''
 
* ''[[clpC]]''
−
* ''[[cotR]]''
+
 
 
* ''[[coxA]]''
 
* ''[[coxA]]''
 
* ''[[csbX]]''
 
* ''[[csbX]]''
 +
* ''[[csfB]]''
 
* ''[[ctaA]]''
 
* ''[[ctaA]]''
 
* ''[[ctpB]]''
 
* ''[[ctpB]]''
 
* ''[[cwlC]]''
 
* ''[[cwlC]]''
 +
* ''[[cwlD]]''
 
* ''[[cwlH]]''
 
* ''[[cwlH]]''
 
* ''[[dacB]]''
 
* ''[[dacB]]''
Line 177: Line 208:
 
* ''[[fisB]]''
 
* ''[[fisB]]''
 
* ''[[ftsY]]''
 
* ''[[ftsY]]''
−
* ''[[gin]]''
+
 
 
* ''[[glcU]]''
 
* ''[[glcU]]''
 
* ''[[glgA]]''
 
* ''[[glgA]]''
Line 188: Line 219:
 
* ''[[glnP]]''
 
* ''[[glnP]]''
 
* ''[[glnQ]]''
 
* ''[[glnQ]]''
 +
* ''[[htrC]]''
 
* ''[[ispG]]''
 
* ''[[ispG]]''
 
* ''[[kamA]]''
 
* ''[[kamA]]''
 
* ''[[katX]]''
 
* ''[[katX]]''
−
* ''[[ksgA]]''
 
−
* ''[[ldt]]''
 
 
* ''[[lonB]]''
 
* ''[[lonB]]''
 
* ''[[lysA]]''
 
* ''[[lysA]]''
Line 199: Line 229:
 
* ''[[mcsA]]''
 
* ''[[mcsA]]''
 
* ''[[mcsB]]''
 
* ''[[mcsB]]''
−
* ''[[mmgA]]''
+
 
−
* ''[[mmgB]]''
 
−
* ''[[mmgC]]''
 
−
* ''[[mmgD]]''
 
−
* ''[[mmgE]]''
 
 
* ''[[murB]]''
 
* ''[[murB]]''
 
* ''[[murG]]''
 
* ''[[murG]]''
Line 211: Line 237:
 
* ''[[pbpG]]''
 
* ''[[pbpG]]''
 
* ''[[pbpI]]''
 
* ''[[pbpI]]''
 +
* ''[[pdaA]]''
 
* ''[[pdaB]]''
 
* ''[[pdaB]]''
 +
* ''[[pghL]]''
 
* ''[[phoB]]''
 
* ''[[phoB]]''
 
* ''[[phoP]]''
 
* ''[[phoP]]''
Line 218: Line 246:
 
* ''[[remA]]''
 
* ''[[remA]]''
 
* ''[[rsfA]]''
 
* ''[[rsfA]]''
−
* ''[[safA]]''
+
 
 
* ''[[sbp]]''
 
* ''[[sbp]]''
−
* ''[[scoA]]''
+
 
−
* ''[[scoB]]''
 
 
* ''[[seaA]]''
 
* ''[[seaA]]''
 
* ''[[sigF]]''
 
* ''[[sigF]]''
Line 243: Line 270:
 
* ''[[spoIIIC]]''
 
* ''[[spoIIIC]]''
 
* ''[[spoIIID]]''
 
* ''[[spoIIID]]''
 +
* ''[[spoIIIL]]''
 
* ''[[spoIIM]]''
 
* ''[[spoIIM]]''
 
* ''[[spoIIP]]''
 
* ''[[spoIIP]]''
 
* ''[[spoIIQ]]''
 
* ''[[spoIIQ]]''
 +
* ''[[spoIIT]]''
 
* ''[[spoIIR]]''
 
* ''[[spoIIR]]''
 
* ''[[spoIISA]]''
 
* ''[[spoIISA]]''
Line 269: Line 298:
 
* ''[[spoVR]]''
 
* ''[[spoVR]]''
 
* ''[[spoVT]]''
 
* ''[[spoVT]]''
 +
* ''[[sprB]]''
 
* ''[[spsA]]''
 
* ''[[spsA]]''
−
* ''[[spsB]]''
+
 
 
* ''[[spsC]]''
 
* ''[[spsC]]''
 
* ''[[spsD]]''
 
* ''[[spsD]]''
Line 292: Line 322:
 
* ''[[uxaB]]''
 
* ''[[uxaB]]''
 
* ''[[uxuA]]''
 
* ''[[uxuA]]''
−
* ''[[yabG]]''
+
 
 
* ''[[yabP]]''
 
* ''[[yabP]]''
 
* ''[[yabQ]]''
 
* ''[[yabQ]]''
Line 309: Line 339:
 
* ''[[ydgA]]''
 
* ''[[ydgA]]''
 
* ''[[ydgB]]''
 
* ''[[ydgB]]''
−
* ''[[ydhD]]''
+
 
 
* ''[[ydhF]]''
 
* ''[[ydhF]]''
 
* ''[[ydjP]]''
 
* ''[[ydjP]]''
Line 328: Line 358:
 
* ''[[yhcQ]]''
 
* ''[[yhcQ]]''
 
* ''[[yhcV]]''
 
* ''[[yhcV]]''
−
* ''[[yheC]]''
+
 
  
 
* ''[[yhfM]]''
 
* ''[[yhfM]]''
Line 345: Line 375:
 
* ''[[yjbA]]''
 
* ''[[yjbA]]''
 
* ''[[yjcA]]''
 
* ''[[yjcA]]''
−
* ''[[yjdH]]''
+
 
 
* ''[[yjfA]]''
 
* ''[[yjfA]]''
 
* ''[[yjmC]]''
 
* ''[[yjmC]]''
Line 352: Line 382:
  
 
* ''[[ykvI]]''
 
* ''[[ykvI]]''
−
* ''[[ykvP]]''
+
 
 
* ''[[ykvQ]]''
 
* ''[[ykvQ]]''
 +
* ''[[ykzQ]]''
 
* ''[[ylaJ]]''
 
* ''[[ylaJ]]''
 
* ''[[ylaM]]''
 
* ''[[ylaM]]''
Line 368: Line 399:
 
* ''[[ymxH]]''
 
* ''[[ymxH]]''
 
* ''[[yndA]]''
 
* ''[[yndA]]''
−
* ''[[yndL]]''
+
 
 
* ''[[yngE]]''
 
* ''[[yngE]]''
 
* ''[[yngF]]''
 
* ''[[yngF]]''
Line 381: Line 412:
 
* ''[[yocL]]''
 
* ''[[yocL]]''
 
* ''[[yodH]]''
 
* ''[[yodH]]''
−
* ''[[yodI]]''
+
 
 
* ''[[yodP]]''
 
* ''[[yodP]]''
 
* ''[[yodQ]]''
 
* ''[[yodQ]]''
Line 407: Line 438:
 
* ''[[yqhP]]''
 
* ''[[yqhP]]''
 
* ''[[yqhQ]]''
 
* ''[[yqhQ]]''
−
* ''[[yqiQ]]''
+
 
 
* ''[[yqxA]]''
 
* ''[[yqxA]]''
 
* ''[[yqzG]]''
 
* ''[[yqzG]]''
Line 442: Line 473:
 
* ''[[ywrJ]]''
 
* ''[[ywrJ]]''
 
* ''[[yxeD]]''
 
* ''[[yxeD]]''
−
* ''[[yxjC]]''
+
 
−
* ''[[yxjF]]''
 
 
* ''[[yyaC]]''
 
* ''[[yyaC]]''
 
* ''[[yyaD]]''
 
* ''[[yyaD]]''
−
 
−
* ''[[yyxA]]''
 
  
 
=== Newly identified sporulation proteins (based on transcription profiling) ===
 
=== Newly identified sporulation proteins (based on transcription profiling) ===
 +
* ''[[abnA]]''
 +
* ''[[acdA]]''
 +
* ''[[acoA]]''
 +
* ''[[acoB]]''
 +
* ''[[acoC]]''
 +
* ''[[acoL]]''
 +
* ''[[acoR]]''
 +
* ''[[alkA]]''
 +
* ''[[amiE]]''
 +
* ''[[amyC]]''
 +
* ''[[amyD]]''
 +
* ''[[amyX]]''
 
* ''[[araL]]''  
 
* ''[[araL]]''  
−
* ''[[araM]]''  
+
* ''[[araM]]''
 +
* ''[[bglS]]''
 +
* ''[[bmrC]]''
 +
* ''[[bmrD]]''
 +
* ''[[bpsA]]''
 +
* ''[[bpsB]]''
 
* ''[[citA]]''  
 
* ''[[citA]]''  
 
* ''[[citH]]''
 
* ''[[citH]]''
−
* ''[[lplD]]''  
+
* ''[[comER]]''
 +
* ''[[cypA]]''
 +
* ''[[degQ]]''
 +
* ''[[dtpT]]''
 +
* ''[[fadA]]''
 +
* ''[[fadF]]''
 +
* ''[[fadM]]''
 +
* ''[[fadN]]''
 +
* ''[[ggt]]''
 +
* ''[[hemZ]]''
 +
* ''[[ispA]]''
 +
* ''[[kapD]]''
 +
* ''[[kbl]]''
 +
* ''[[licA]]''
 +
* ''[[licB]]''
 +
* ''[[licC]]''
 +
* ''[[licH]]''
 +
* ''[[lplD]]''
 +
* ''[[mciZ]]''
 +
* ''[[mdxE]]''
 +
* ''[[mdxF]]''
 +
* ''[[mdxG]]''
 +
* ''[[melA]]''
 +
* ''[[msmE]]''
 +
* ''[[mstX]]''
 +
* ''[[murP]]''
 +
* ''[[murQ]]''
 +
* ''[[murR]]''
 +
* ''[[nrnB]]''
 +
* ''[[nagZ]]''
 +
* ''[[pgcM]]''
 +
* ''[[pucH]]''
 +
* ''[[racA]]''
 +
* ''[[tdh]]''
 +
* ''[[sigE]]''
 +
* ''[[spoIIE]]''
 +
* ''[[spoVC]]''
 +
* ''[[ugd]]''
 
* ''[[xpaC]]''  
 
* ''[[xpaC]]''  
 
* ''[[yaaC]]''
 
* ''[[yaaC]]''
Line 462: Line 544:
 
* ''[[ybfJ]]''
 
* ''[[ybfJ]]''
 
* ''[[ycgI]]''
 
* ''[[ycgI]]''
 +
* ''[[ycgH]]''
 
* ''[[ycgL]]''
 
* ''[[ycgL]]''
 +
 +
* ''[[yclG]]''
 +
* ''[[yczM]]''
 +
* ''[[ydzH]]''
 +
* ''[[ydzR]]''
 
* ''[[yerA]]''  
 
* ''[[yerA]]''  
 
* ''[[yetF]]''
 
* ''[[yetF]]''
 +
* ''[[yezF]]''
 +
* ''[[ygzA]]''
 +
* ''[[ygzC]]''
 
* ''[[yfhM]]''  
 
* ''[[yfhM]]''  
 
* ''[[yfhS]]''
 
* ''[[yfhS]]''
Line 470: Line 561:
 
* ''[[yflN]]''
 
* ''[[yflN]]''
 
* ''[[yfmA]]''
 
* ''[[yfmA]]''
−
* ''[[ygaK]]''
+
* ''[[yhaR]]''
−
* ''[[yhaR]]''  
+
* ''[[yheA]]''
−
* ''[[yhbB]]''
 
 
* ''[[yhcT]]''
 
* ''[[yhcT]]''
 
* ''[[yhcW]]''  
 
* ''[[yhcW]]''  
Line 482: Line 572:
 
* ''[[yhfN]]''
 
* ''[[yhfN]]''
 
* ''[[yhjQ]]''
 
* ''[[yhjQ]]''
−
* ''[[yisJ]]''
+
* ''[[yhzD]]''
 +
* ''[[yhzF]]''
 
* ''[[yisN]]''
 
* ''[[yisN]]''
 
* ''[[yitE]]''
 
* ''[[yitE]]''
 
* ''[[yitQ]]''
 
* ''[[yitQ]]''
 +
* ''[[yizC]]''
 +
* ''[[yizD]]''
 +
* ''[[yjaU]]''
 
* ''[[yjaZ]]''  
 
* ''[[yjaZ]]''  
 
* ''[[yjbE]]''
 
* ''[[yjbE]]''
 
* ''[[yjnA]]''
 
* ''[[yjnA]]''
 
* ''[[yjqC]]''
 
* ''[[yjqC]]''
−
 
+
* ''[[yjzC]]''
 +
* ''[[yjzK]]''
 
* ''[[ykjA]]''
 
* ''[[ykjA]]''
 
* ''[[ykoN]]''
 
* ''[[ykoN]]''
Line 504: Line 599:
 
* ''[[ykzE]]''  
 
* ''[[ykzE]]''  
 
* ''[[ykzH]]''
 
* ''[[ykzH]]''
−
* ''[[ylaK]]''  
+
* ''[[ylaK]]''
 +
* ''[[yloB]]''
 
* ''[[ylxY]]''  
 
* ''[[ylxY]]''  
 
* ''[[ymaF]]''
 
* ''[[ymaF]]''
 +
* ''[[ymfD]]''
 
* ''[[ymfH]]''
 
* ''[[ymfH]]''
 
* ''[[ymfI]]''   
 
* ''[[ymfI]]''   
Line 518: Line 615:
 
* ''[[yoaM]]''
 
* ''[[yoaM]]''
 
* ''[[yoaQ]]''
 
* ''[[yoaQ]]''
−
* ''[[yobN]]''  
+
* ''[[yoaU]]''
 +
* ''[[yocN]]''
 +
* ''[[yodU]]''
 
* ''[[yodL]]''
 
* ''[[yodL]]''
 
* ''[[yodN]]''
 
* ''[[yodN]]''
 
* ''[[yojB]]''
 
* ''[[yojB]]''
−
* ''[[yotE]]''  
+
* ''[[yoqH]]''
−
* ''[[yotG]]''  
+
* ''[[yosA]]''
 
* ''[[yozD]]''  
 
* ''[[yozD]]''  
 
* ''[[yozE]]''  
 
* ''[[yozE]]''  
 
* ''[[yozF]]''
 
* ''[[yozF]]''
 
* ''[[yozN]]''
 
* ''[[yozN]]''
 +
* ''[[yozP]]''
 
* ''[[ypeP]]''
 
* ''[[ypeP]]''
 
* ''[[ypeQ]]''
 
* ''[[ypeQ]]''
 
* ''[[yppC]]''  
 
* ''[[yppC]]''  
 
* ''[[yppD]]''
 
* ''[[yppD]]''
−
 
+
* ''[[ypqP]]''
 
* ''[[yptA]]''
 
* ''[[yptA]]''
 +
* ''[[ypuI]]''
 
* ''[[yqcI]]''
 
* ''[[yqcI]]''
−
 
 
* ''[[ypzC]]''
 
* ''[[ypzC]]''
 +
* ''[[yqaN]]''
 +
* ''[[yqaO]]''
 
* ''[[yqeC]]''  
 
* ''[[yqeC]]''  
−
* ''[[yqfT]]''
 
 
* ''[[yqgE]]''
 
* ''[[yqgE]]''
 
* ''[[yqgO]]''
 
* ''[[yqgO]]''
Line 547: Line 648:
 
* ''[[yqjC]]''
 
* ''[[yqjC]]''
 
* ''[[yrbE]]''  
 
* ''[[yrbE]]''  
 +
* ''[[yrbD]]''
 
* ''[[yrbG]]''
 
* ''[[yrbG]]''
 
* ''[[yrdN]]''  
 
* ''[[yrdN]]''  
Line 553: Line 655:
 
* ''[[yrzA]]''
 
* ''[[yrzA]]''
 
* ''[[yrzE]]''
 
* ''[[yrzE]]''
 +
* ''[[yrzF]]''
 +
* ''[[yrzI]]''
 
* ''[[yrzK]]''  
 
* ''[[yrzK]]''  
 
* ''[[ysnE]]''  
 
* ''[[ysnE]]''  
 +
* ''[[ytaG]]''
 
* ''[[ytcA]]''  
 
* ''[[ytcA]]''  
 
* ''[[ytcB]]''  
 
* ''[[ytcB]]''  
 
* ''[[ytdA]]''  
 
* ''[[ytdA]]''  
 
* ''[[yteT]]''
 
* ''[[yteT]]''
 +
* ''[[ythA]]''
 +
* ''[[ythB]]''
 
* ''[[ytvB]]''
 
* ''[[ytvB]]''
 
* ''[[ytwI]]''
 
* ''[[ytwI]]''
Line 566: Line 673:
 
* ''[[yueG]]''
 
* ''[[yueG]]''
 
* ''[[yufS]]''
 
* ''[[yufS]]''
−
* ''[[yugF]]''  
+
* ''[[yugF]]''
 +
* ''[[yugO]]''
 +
* ''[[yugS]]''
 +
* ''[[yugT]]''
 
* ''[[yumB]]''  
 
* ''[[yumB]]''  
 
* ''[[yunC]]''
 
* ''[[yunC]]''
Line 580: Line 690:
 
* ''[[yvaM]]''  
 
* ''[[yvaM]]''  
 
* ''[[yvdA]]''  
 
* ''[[yvdA]]''  
 +
* ''[[yvnB]]''
 
* ''[[ywaF]]''  
 
* ''[[ywaF]]''  
 
* ''[[ywbB]]''
 
* ''[[ywbB]]''
 
* ''[[ywkF]]''
 
* ''[[ywkF]]''
 +
* ''[[ywbA]]''
 +
* ''[[ywcI]]''
 +
* ''[[ywhK]]''
 +
* ''[[ywhL]]''
 
* ''[[ywmA]]''
 
* ''[[ywmA]]''
 
* ''[[ywnG]]''
 
* ''[[ywnG]]''
 
* ''[[ywoC]]''
 
* ''[[ywoC]]''
 +
* ''[[ywoD]]''
 +
* ''[[ywqH]]''
 +
* ''[[ywqI]]''
 +
* ''[[ywqK]]''
 +
* ''[[ywqL]]''
 
* ''[[ywrK]]''
 
* ''[[ywrK]]''
 
* ''[[yxbA]]''  
 
* ''[[yxbA]]''  
 
* ''[[yyaL]]''
 
* ''[[yyaL]]''
 
* ''[[yybP]]''
 
* ''[[yybP]]''
 +
* ''[[yycE]]''
 
* ''[[yycN]]''  
 
* ''[[yycN]]''  
 
* ''[[yycO]]''  
 
* ''[[yycO]]''  
Line 597: Line 718:
  
 
==Important reviews==
 
==Important reviews==
−
<pubmed>22091839 20833318 16045607 15819616 15659154 15556029 15187183 15035041 2257467 22882546</pubmed>
+
<pubmed>22091839 20833318 16045607 15819616 15659154 15556029 15187183 15035041 2257467 22882546 24983526 25646759  27364121 27148245 27501460
 +
</pubmed>
  
 
==Important original publications==
 
==Important original publications==
−
<pubmed>21667307 21665972 21905219 23284278 </pubmed>
+
<pubmed>21667307 21665972 21905219 23284278 25341802 25356555 25548246 26735940 29425492 </pubmed>
  
 
== Important web site: [http://sporeweb.molgenrug.nl/  SporeWeb] ==
 
== Important web site: [http://sporeweb.molgenrug.nl/  SporeWeb] ==
Line 616: Line 738:
 
* The website is self explanatory, but you can also take a quick look at [http://youtu.be/XSTpU80o4t0 the short introduction video].
 
* The website is self explanatory, but you can also take a quick look at [http://youtu.be/XSTpU80o4t0 the short introduction video].
 
* Importantly, the website is database driven: it can (and will) be updated as new exciting insights become available in literature.
 
* Importantly, the website is database driven: it can (and will) be updated as new exciting insights become available in literature.
−
 
+
<pubmed>24170806</pubmed>
  
 
=Back to [[categories]]=
 
=Back to [[categories]]=

Latest revision as of 19:25, 11 February 2018

Parent categories
Neighbouring categories
Related categories

Genes in this functional category

Spore coat proteins

Class I

  • these proteins completly cover the membrane around the forespore
  • early localizing spore coat proteins

Class II

  • these proteins localize simultaneously with the class I proteins but begin to encase the spore only after engulfment is complete
  • early localizing spore coat proteins

Class III

  • these proteins localize simultaneously with the class I and class II proteins but start to encase the spore only after the appearance of phase dark spores (hr 4.5)
  • early localizing spore coat proteins

Class IV

  • late localizing spore coat proteins (only after completion of engulfment)
  • intermediate between classes III and V

Class V

  • late localizing spore coat proteins (only after completion of engulfment)
  • localize exclusively to phase dark spores
  • localize simultaneously to both poles of the spore

Class VI

  • late localizing spore coat proteins (only after completion of engulfment)
  • most delayed initial localization
  • localize excluseively to phase bright spores

not yet assigned

Important publications on the spore coat

Wishwas R Abhyankar, Kiki Kamphorst, Bhagyashree N Swarge, Henk van Veen, Nicole N van der Wel, Stanley Brul, Chris G de Koster, Leo J de Koning
##Title##
Front Microbiol: 2016, 7;1636
[PubMed:27790212] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P e)

George C Stewart
The Exosporium Layer of Bacterial Spores: a Connection to the Environment and the Infected Host.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev: 2015, 79(4);437-57
[PubMed:26512126] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Hong Qin, Adam Driks
Contrasting evolutionary patterns of spore coat proteins in two Bacillus species groups are linked to a difference in cellular structure.
BMC Evol Biol: 2013, 13;261
[PubMed:24283940] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Peter T McKenney, Adam Driks, Patrick Eichenberger
The Bacillus subtilis endospore: assembly and functions of the multilayered coat.
Nat Rev Microbiol: 2013, 11(1);33-44
[PubMed:23202530] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Haiyan Qiao, Daniela Krajcikova, Caisheng Liu, Yongjun Li, Hongda Wang, Imrich Barak, Jilin Tang
The interactions of spore-coat morphogenetic proteins studied by single-molecule recognition force spectroscopy.
Chem Asian J: 2012, 7(4);725-31
[PubMed:22262582] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Peter Setlow
Dynamics of the assembly of a complex macromolecular structure--the coat of spores of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2012, 83(2);241-4
[PubMed:22192522] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Peter T McKenney, Patrick Eichenberger
Dynamics of spore coat morphogenesis in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2012, 83(2);245-60
[PubMed:22171814] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Peter T McKenney, Adam Driks, Haig A Eskandarian, Paul Grabowski, Jonathan Guberman, Katherine H Wang, Zemer Gitai, Patrick Eichenberger
A distance-weighted interaction map reveals a previously uncharacterized layer of the Bacillus subtilis spore coat.
Curr Biol: 2010, 20(10);934-8
[PubMed:20451384] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)


Spore coat protein/ based on similarity

Small acid-soluble spore proteins

Non-homologous end joining DNA repair

Utilization of specific carbon sources

Sporulation proteins/ other


Newly identified sporulation proteins (based on transcription profiling)

Important reviews

Jatin Narula, Masaya Fujita, Oleg A Igoshin
Functional requirements of cellular differentiation: lessons from Bacillus subtilis.
Curr Opin Microbiol: 2016, 34;38-46
[PubMed:27501460] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Jelle Slager, Jan-Willem Veening
Hard-Wired Control of Bacterial Processes by Chromosomal Gene Location.
Trends Microbiol: 2016, 24(10);788-800
[PubMed:27364121] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Frédérique Pompeo, Elodie Foulquier, Anne Galinier
Impact of Serine/Threonine Protein Kinases on the Regulation of Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
Front Microbiol: 2016, 7;568
[PubMed:27148245] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P e)

Kelly A Fimlaid, Aimee Shen
Diverse mechanisms regulate sporulation sigma factor activity in the Firmicutes.
Curr Opin Microbiol: 2015, 24;88-95
[PubMed:25646759] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Irene S Tan, Kumaran S Ramamurthi
Spore formation in Bacillus subtilis.
Environ Microbiol Rep: 2014, 6(3);212-25
[PubMed:24983526] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Michael Y Galperin, Sergei L Mekhedov, Pere Puigbo, Sergey Smirnov, Yuri I Wolf, Daniel J Rigden
Genomic determinants of sporulation in Bacilli and Clostridia: towards the minimal set of sporulation-specific genes.
Environ Microbiol: 2012, 14(11);2870-90
[PubMed:22882546] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Douglas Higgins, Jonathan Dworkin
Recent progress in Bacillus subtilis sporulation.
FEMS Microbiol Rev: 2012, 36(1);131-48
[PubMed:22091839] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Michiel J L de Hoon, Patrick Eichenberger, Dennis Vitkup
Hierarchical evolution of the bacterial sporulation network.
Curr Biol: 2010, 20(17);R735-45
[PubMed:20833318] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Imrich Barák, Anthony J Wilkinson
Where asymmetry in gene expression originates.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 57(3);611-20
[PubMed:16045607] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Michael D Yudkin, Joanna Clarkson
Differential gene expression in genetically identical sister cells: the initiation of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 56(3);578-89
[PubMed:15819616] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Imrich Barák, Ezio Ricca, Simon M Cutting
From fundamental studies of sporulation to applied spore research.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 55(2);330-8
[PubMed:15659154] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Patrick J Piggot, David W Hilbert
Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis.
Curr Opin Microbiol: 2004, 7(6);579-86
[PubMed:15556029] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

David W Hilbert, Patrick J Piggot
Compartmentalization of gene expression during Bacillus subtilis spore formation.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev: 2004, 68(2);234-62
[PubMed:15187183] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Jeff Errington
Regulation of endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis.
Nat Rev Microbiol: 2003, 1(2);117-26
[PubMed:15035041] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

R R Freedman
Raynaud's phenomenon, lack of neurological influence.
Br J Rheumatol: 1990, 29(6);492-3
[PubMed:2257467] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)


Important original publications

Javier Lopez-Garrido, Nikola Ojkic, Kanika Khanna, Felix R Wagner, Elizabeth Villa, Robert G Endres, Kit Pogliano
Chromosome Translocation Inflates Bacillus Forespores and Impacts Cellular Morphology.
Cell: 2018, 172(4);758-770.e14
[PubMed:29425492] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Alexander J Meeske, Christopher D A Rodrigues, Jacqueline Brady, Hoong Chuin Lim, Thomas G Bernhardt, David Z Rudner
High-Throughput Genetic Screens Identify a Large and Diverse Collection of New Sporulation Genes in Bacillus subtilis.
PLoS Biol: 2016, 14(1);e1002341
[PubMed:26735940] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Sonali Ghosh, George Korza, Mark Maciejewski, Peter Setlow
Analysis of metabolism in dormant spores of Bacillus species by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of low-molecular-weight compounds.
J Bacteriol: 2015, 197(5);992-1001
[PubMed:25548246] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Nikola Ojkic, Javier López-Garrido, Kit Pogliano, Robert G Endres
Bistable forespore engulfment in Bacillus subtilis by a zipper mechanism in absence of the cell wall.
PLoS Comput Biol: 2014, 10(10);e1003912
[PubMed:25356555] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Adaoha E C Ihekwaba, Ivan Mura, Gary C Barker
Computational modelling and analysis of the molecular network regulating sporulation initiation in Bacillus subtilis.
BMC Syst Biol: 2014, 8;119
[PubMed:25341802] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Jordi van Gestel, Martin A Nowak, Corina E Tarnita
The evolution of cell-to-cell communication in a sporulating bacterium.
PLoS Comput Biol: 2012, 8(12);e1002818
[PubMed:23284278] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Wishwas Abhyankar, Alex Ter Beek, Henk Dekker, Remco Kort, Stanley Brul, Chris G de Koster
Gel-free proteomic identification of the Bacillus subtilis insoluble spore coat protein fraction.
Proteomics: 2011, 11(23);4541-50
[PubMed:21905219] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Langyong Mao, Shantong Jiang, Bin Wang, Liang Chen, Qin Yao, Keping Chen
Protein profile of Bacillus subtilis spore.
Curr Microbiol: 2011, 63(2);198-205
[PubMed:21667307] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Daisuke Imamura, Ritsuko Kuwana, Hiromu Takamatsu, Kazuhito Watabe
Proteins involved in formation of the outermost layer of Bacillus subtilis spores.
J Bacteriol: 2011, 193(16);4075-80
[PubMed:21665972] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)


Important web site: SporeWeb

  • SporeWeb is a dynamic web-based platform describing all stages of sporulation in B. subtilis from a gene regulatory point of view. The website is intended for all microbial researches interested in bacterial sporulation and/or gene regulatory networks and contains useful information for both sporulation experts and non-experts.
  • You can find:
    • detailed review-like descriptions of all sporulation stages,
    • schematic representations of regulatory events during every stage,
    • links to specific regulators and their regulons,
    • access to detailed Excel sheets of all sporulation-specific regulons,
    • Cytoscape-generated layouts of regulon interactions during a specific stage,
    • a tool to generate your own Cytoscape interaction figure for specific genes of interest,
    • heat maps showing expression values of all sporulation genes during the sporulation cycle (derived from Nicolas et al., 2012),
    • direct links to other knowledge platforms, such as SubtiWiki,
    • an extensive list of references for further detailed information.
  • The website is self explanatory, but you can also take a quick look at the short introduction video.
  • Importantly, the website is database driven: it can (and will) be updated as new exciting insights become available in literature.

Robyn T Eijlander, Anne de Jong, Antonina O Krawczyk, Siger Holsappel, Oscar P Kuipers
SporeWeb: an interactive journey through the complete sporulation cycle of Bacillus subtilis.
Nucleic Acids Res: 2014, 42(Database issue);D685-91
[PubMed:24170806] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)


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