Difference between revisions of "Sporulation"

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m (Reverted edits by Julian (talk) to last revision by Jstuelk)
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=== Newly identified sporulation proteins (based on transcription profiling) ===
 
=== Newly identified sporulation proteins (based on transcription profiling) ===
 +
* ''[[abnA]]''
 +
* ''[[acdA]]''
 +
* ''[[acoA]]''
 +
* ''[[acoB]]''
 +
* ''[[acoC]]''
 +
* ''[[acoL]]''
 +
* ''[[acoR]]''
 +
* ''[[alkA]]''
 +
* ''[[amiE]]''
 +
* ''[[amyC]]''
 +
* ''[[amyD]]''
 +
* ''[[amyX]]''
 
* ''[[araL]]''  
 
* ''[[araL]]''  
−
* ''[[araM]]''  
+
* ''[[araM]]''
 +
* ''[[bglS]]''
 +
* ''[[bmrC]]''
 +
* ''[[bmrD]]''
 +
* ''[[bpsA]]''
 +
* ''[[bpsB]]''
 
* ''[[citA]]''  
 
* ''[[citA]]''  
 
* ''[[citH]]''
 
* ''[[citH]]''
−
* ''[[lplD]]''  
+
* ''[[comER]]''
 +
* ''[[cypA]]''
 +
* ''[[degQ]]''
 +
* ''[[fadA]]''
 +
* ''[[fadF]]''
 +
* ''[[fadM]]''
 +
* ''[[fadN]]''
 +
* ''[[ggt]]''
 +
* ''[[hemZ]]''
 +
* ''[[ispA]]''
 +
* ''[[kapD]]''
 +
* ''[[kbl]]''
 +
* ''[[licA]]''
 +
* ''[[licB]]''
 +
* ''[[licC]]''
 +
* ''[[licH]]''
 +
* ''[[lplD]]''
 +
* ''[[mdxE]]''
 +
* ''[[mdxF]]''
 +
* ''[[mdxG]]''
 +
* ''[[melA]]''
 +
* ''[[msmE]]''
 +
* ''[[murP]]''
 +
* ''[[murQ]]''
 +
* ''[[murR]]''
 +
* ''[[nrnB]]''
 +
* ''[[nagZ]]''
 +
* ''[[pgcM]]''
 +
* ''[[pucH]]''
 +
* ''[[racA]]''
 +
* ''[[tdh]]''
 +
* ''[[sigE]]''
 +
* ''[[spoIIE]]''
 +
* ''[[spoVC]]''
 +
* ''[[ugd]]''
 
* ''[[xpaC]]''  
 
* ''[[xpaC]]''  
 
* ''[[yaaC]]''
 
* ''[[yaaC]]''
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* ''[[ycgH]]''  
 
* ''[[ycgH]]''  
 
* ''[[ycgL]]''
 
* ''[[ycgL]]''
 +
* ''[[yclF]]''
 +
* ''[[yclG]]''
 +
* ''[[yczM]]''
 +
* ''[[ydzH]]''
 +
* ''[[ydzR]]''
 
* ''[[yerA]]''  
 
* ''[[yerA]]''  
 
* ''[[yetF]]''
 
* ''[[yetF]]''
 +
* ''[[yezF]]''
 +
* ''[[ygzA]]''
 +
* ''[[ygzC]]''
 
* ''[[yfhM]]''  
 
* ''[[yfhM]]''  
 
* ''[[yfhS]]''
 
* ''[[yfhS]]''
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* ''[[yflN]]''
 
* ''[[yflN]]''
 
* ''[[yfmA]]''
 
* ''[[yfmA]]''
−
 
+
* ''[[yhaR]]''
−
* ''[[yhaR]]''  
+
* ''[[yheA]]''
−
 
 
 
* ''[[yhcT]]''
 
* ''[[yhcT]]''
 
* ''[[yhcW]]''  
 
* ''[[yhcW]]''  
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* ''[[yhfN]]''
 
* ''[[yhfN]]''
 
* ''[[yhjQ]]''
 
* ''[[yhjQ]]''
−
 
+
* ''[[yhzD]]''
 +
* ''[[yhzF]]''
 
* ''[[yisN]]''
 
* ''[[yisN]]''
 
* ''[[yitE]]''
 
* ''[[yitE]]''
 
* ''[[yitQ]]''
 
* ''[[yitQ]]''
 +
* ''[[yizC]]''
 +
* ''[[yizD]]''
 +
* ''[[yjaU]]''
 
* ''[[yjaZ]]''  
 
* ''[[yjaZ]]''  
 
* ''[[yjbE]]''
 
* ''[[yjbE]]''
 
* ''[[yjnA]]''
 
* ''[[yjnA]]''
 
* ''[[yjqC]]''
 
* ''[[yjqC]]''
−
 
+
* ''[[yjzC]]''
 +
* ''[[yjzK]]''
 
* ''[[ykjA]]''
 
* ''[[ykjA]]''
 
* ''[[ykoN]]''
 
* ''[[ykoN]]''
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* ''[[ykzE]]''  
 
* ''[[ykzE]]''  
 
* ''[[ykzH]]''
 
* ''[[ykzH]]''
−
* ''[[ylaK]]''  
+
* ''[[ylaK]]''
 +
* ''[[yloB]]''
 
* ''[[ylxY]]''  
 
* ''[[ylxY]]''  
 
* ''[[ymaF]]''
 
* ''[[ymaF]]''
 +
* ''[[ymfD]]''
 
* ''[[ymfH]]''
 
* ''[[ymfH]]''
 
* ''[[ymfI]]''   
 
* ''[[ymfI]]''   
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* ''[[yoaM]]''
 
* ''[[yoaM]]''
 
* ''[[yoaQ]]''
 
* ''[[yoaQ]]''
−
 
+
* ''[[yoaU]]''
 +
* ''[[yocN]]''
 +
* ''[[yodU]]''
 
* ''[[yodL]]''
 
* ''[[yodL]]''
 
* ''[[yodN]]''
 
* ''[[yodN]]''
 
* ''[[yojB]]''
 
* ''[[yojB]]''
 +
* ''[[yoqH]]''
 +
* ''[[yosA]]''
 
* ''[[yotE]]''  
 
* ''[[yotE]]''  
−
* ''[[yotG]]''  
+
* ''[[yotG]]''
 +
* ''[[yotN]]''
 
* ''[[yozD]]''  
 
* ''[[yozD]]''  
 
* ''[[yozE]]''  
 
* ''[[yozE]]''  
 
* ''[[yozF]]''
 
* ''[[yozF]]''
 
* ''[[yozN]]''
 
* ''[[yozN]]''
 +
* ''[[yozP]]''
 
* ''[[ypeP]]''
 
* ''[[ypeP]]''
 
* ''[[ypeQ]]''
 
* ''[[ypeQ]]''
 
* ''[[yppC]]''  
 
* ''[[yppC]]''  
 
* ''[[yppD]]''
 
* ''[[yppD]]''
−
 
+
* ''[[ypqP]]''
 
* ''[[yptA]]''
 
* ''[[yptA]]''
 +
* ''[[ypuI]]''
 
* ''[[yqcI]]''
 
* ''[[yqcI]]''
−
 
 
* ''[[ypzC]]''
 
* ''[[ypzC]]''
 +
* ''[[yqaN]]''
 +
* ''[[yqaO]]''
 
* ''[[yqeC]]''  
 
* ''[[yqeC]]''  
−
 
 
* ''[[yqgE]]''
 
* ''[[yqgE]]''
 
* ''[[yqgO]]''
 
* ''[[yqgO]]''
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* ''[[yqjC]]''
 
* ''[[yqjC]]''
 
* ''[[yrbE]]''  
 
* ''[[yrbE]]''  
 +
* ''[[yrbD]]''
 
* ''[[yrbG]]''
 
* ''[[yrbG]]''
 
* ''[[yrdN]]''  
 
* ''[[yrdN]]''  
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* ''[[yrzA]]''
 
* ''[[yrzA]]''
 
* ''[[yrzE]]''
 
* ''[[yrzE]]''
 +
* ''[[yrzF]]''
 +
* ''[[yrzI]]''
 
* ''[[yrzK]]''  
 
* ''[[yrzK]]''  
 
* ''[[ysnE]]''  
 
* ''[[ysnE]]''  
 +
* ''[[ytaG]]''
 
* ''[[ytcA]]''  
 
* ''[[ytcA]]''  
 
* ''[[ytcB]]''  
 
* ''[[ytcB]]''  
 
* ''[[ytdA]]''  
 
* ''[[ytdA]]''  
 
* ''[[yteT]]''
 
* ''[[yteT]]''
 +
* ''[[ythA]]''
 +
* ''[[ythB]]''
 
* ''[[ytvB]]''
 
* ''[[ytvB]]''
 
* ''[[ytwI]]''
 
* ''[[ytwI]]''
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* ''[[yufS]]''
 
* ''[[yufS]]''
 
* ''[[yugF]]''  
 
* ''[[yugF]]''  
 +
* ''[[yugS]]''
 +
* ''[[yugT]]''
 
* ''[[yumB]]''  
 
* ''[[yumB]]''  
 
* ''[[yunC]]''
 
* ''[[yunC]]''
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* ''[[yvaM]]''  
 
* ''[[yvaM]]''  
 
* ''[[yvdA]]''  
 
* ''[[yvdA]]''  
 +
* ''[[yvnB]]''
 
* ''[[ywaF]]''  
 
* ''[[ywaF]]''  
 
* ''[[ywbB]]''
 
* ''[[ywbB]]''
 
* ''[[ywkF]]''
 
* ''[[ywkF]]''
 +
* ''[[ywbA]]''
 +
* ''[[ywcI]]''
 +
* ''[[ywhK]]''
 +
* ''[[ywhL]]''
 
* ''[[ywmA]]''
 
* ''[[ywmA]]''
 
* ''[[ywnG]]''
 
* ''[[ywnG]]''
 
* ''[[ywoC]]''
 
* ''[[ywoC]]''
 +
* ''[[ywoD]]''
 
* ''[[ywqH]]''  
 
* ''[[ywqH]]''  
 
* ''[[ywqI]]''  
 
* ''[[ywqI]]''  
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* ''[[yyaL]]''
 
* ''[[yyaL]]''
 
* ''[[yybP]]''
 
* ''[[yybP]]''
 +
* ''[[yycE]]''
 
* ''[[yycN]]''  
 
* ''[[yycN]]''  
 
* ''[[yycO]]''  
 
* ''[[yycO]]''  

Revision as of 12:42, 24 April 2014

Parent categories
Neighbouring categories
Related categories

Genes in this functional category

Spore coat proteins

Class I

  • these proteins completly cover the membrane around the forespore
  • early localizing spore coat proteins

Class II

  • these proteins localize simultaneously with the class I proteins but begin to encase the spore only after engulfment is complete
  • early localizing spore coat proteins

Class III

  • these proteins localize simultaneously with the class I and class II proteins but start to encase the spore only after the appearance of phase dark spores (hr 4.5)
  • early localizing spore coat proteins

Class IV

  • late localizing spore coat proteins (only after completion of engulfment)
  • intermediate between classes III and V

Class V

  • late localizing spore coat proteins (only after completion of engulfment)
  • localize exclusively to phase dark spores
  • localize simultaneously to both poles of the spore

Class VI

  • late localizing spore coat proteins (only after completion of engulfment)
  • most delayed initial localization
  • localize excluseively to phase bright spores

not yet assigned

Important publications on the spore coat

Hong Qin, Adam Driks
Contrasting evolutionary patterns of spore coat proteins in two Bacillus species groups are linked to a difference in cellular structure.
BMC Evol Biol: 2013, 13;261
[PubMed:24283940] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Peter T McKenney, Adam Driks, Patrick Eichenberger
The Bacillus subtilis endospore: assembly and functions of the multilayered coat.
Nat Rev Microbiol: 2013, 11(1);33-44
[PubMed:23202530] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Haiyan Qiao, Daniela Krajcikova, Caisheng Liu, Yongjun Li, Hongda Wang, Imrich Barak, Jilin Tang
The interactions of spore-coat morphogenetic proteins studied by single-molecule recognition force spectroscopy.
Chem Asian J: 2012, 7(4);725-31
[PubMed:22262582] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Peter Setlow
Dynamics of the assembly of a complex macromolecular structure--the coat of spores of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2012, 83(2);241-4
[PubMed:22192522] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Peter T McKenney, Patrick Eichenberger
Dynamics of spore coat morphogenesis in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2012, 83(2);245-60
[PubMed:22171814] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Peter T McKenney, Adam Driks, Haig A Eskandarian, Paul Grabowski, Jonathan Guberman, Katherine H Wang, Zemer Gitai, Patrick Eichenberger
A distance-weighted interaction map reveals a previously uncharacterized layer of the Bacillus subtilis spore coat.
Curr Biol: 2010, 20(10);934-8
[PubMed:20451384] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)


Spore coat protein/ based on similarity

Small acid-soluble spore proteins

Non-homologous end joining DNA repair

Sporulation proteins/ other


Newly identified sporulation proteins (based on transcription profiling)

Important reviews

Michael Y Galperin, Sergei L Mekhedov, Pere Puigbo, Sergey Smirnov, Yuri I Wolf, Daniel J Rigden
Genomic determinants of sporulation in Bacilli and Clostridia: towards the minimal set of sporulation-specific genes.
Environ Microbiol: 2012, 14(11);2870-90
[PubMed:22882546] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Douglas Higgins, Jonathan Dworkin
Recent progress in Bacillus subtilis sporulation.
FEMS Microbiol Rev: 2012, 36(1);131-48
[PubMed:22091839] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Michiel J L de Hoon, Patrick Eichenberger, Dennis Vitkup
Hierarchical evolution of the bacterial sporulation network.
Curr Biol: 2010, 20(17);R735-45
[PubMed:20833318] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Imrich Barák, Anthony J Wilkinson
Where asymmetry in gene expression originates.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 57(3);611-20
[PubMed:16045607] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Michael D Yudkin, Joanna Clarkson
Differential gene expression in genetically identical sister cells: the initiation of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 56(3);578-89
[PubMed:15819616] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Imrich Barák, Ezio Ricca, Simon M Cutting
From fundamental studies of sporulation to applied spore research.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 55(2);330-8
[PubMed:15659154] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Patrick J Piggot, David W Hilbert
Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis.
Curr Opin Microbiol: 2004, 7(6);579-86
[PubMed:15556029] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

David W Hilbert, Patrick J Piggot
Compartmentalization of gene expression during Bacillus subtilis spore formation.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev: 2004, 68(2);234-62
[PubMed:15187183] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Jeff Errington
Regulation of endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis.
Nat Rev Microbiol: 2003, 1(2);117-26
[PubMed:15035041] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

R R Freedman
Raynaud's phenomenon, lack of neurological influence.
Br J Rheumatol: 1990, 29(6);492-3
[PubMed:2257467] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)


Important original publications

Jordi van Gestel, Martin A Nowak, Corina E Tarnita
The evolution of cell-to-cell communication in a sporulating bacterium.
PLoS Comput Biol: 2012, 8(12);e1002818
[PubMed:23284278] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Wishwas Abhyankar, Alex Ter Beek, Henk Dekker, Remco Kort, Stanley Brul, Chris G de Koster
Gel-free proteomic identification of the Bacillus subtilis insoluble spore coat protein fraction.
Proteomics: 2011, 11(23);4541-50
[PubMed:21905219] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Langyong Mao, Shantong Jiang, Bin Wang, Liang Chen, Qin Yao, Keping Chen
Protein profile of Bacillus subtilis spore.
Curr Microbiol: 2011, 63(2);198-205
[PubMed:21667307] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Daisuke Imamura, Ritsuko Kuwana, Hiromu Takamatsu, Kazuhito Watabe
Proteins involved in formation of the outermost layer of Bacillus subtilis spores.
J Bacteriol: 2011, 193(16);4075-80
[PubMed:21665972] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)


Important web site: SporeWeb

  • SporeWeb is a dynamic web-based platform describing all stages of sporulation in B. subtilis from a gene regulatory point of view. The website is intended for all microbial researches interested in bacterial sporulation and/or gene regulatory networks and contains useful information for both sporulation experts and non-experts.
  • You can find:
    • detailed review-like descriptions of all sporulation stages,
    • schematic representations of regulatory events during every stage,
    • links to specific regulators and their regulons,
    • access to detailed Excel sheets of all sporulation-specific regulons,
    • Cytoscape-generated layouts of regulon interactions during a specific stage,
    • a tool to generate your own Cytoscape interaction figure for specific genes of interest,
    • heat maps showing expression values of all sporulation genes during the sporulation cycle (derived from Nicolas et al., 2012),
    • direct links to other knowledge platforms, such as SubtiWiki,
    • an extensive list of references for further detailed information.
  • The website is self explanatory, but you can also take a quick look at the short introduction video.
  • Importantly, the website is database driven: it can (and will) be updated as new exciting insights become available in literature.


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