BirA

• Description: trigger enzyme: transcriptional repressor of the biotin operon / biotin-protein ligase
  
  

Gene name	birA
Synonyms
Essential	yes PubMed
Product	trigger enzyme: transcriptional repressor/ biotin-protein ligase
Function	regulation of biotin synthesis, addition of biotin to proteins
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: birA
MW, pI	36 kDa, 6.769
Gene length, protein length	975 bp, 325 aa
Immediate neighbours	panB, cca
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

biosynthesis of lipids, biosynthesis of cofactors, transcription factors and their control, trigger enzyme, essential genes

This gene is a member of the following regulons

Spx regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU22440

Phenotypes of a mutant

essential PubMed

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: no entry

• SubtiList entry: [1]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • transcriptional repressor of the bioW-bioA-bioF-bioD-bioB-bioI-ytbQ operon PubMed and
  • ATP + biotin + apo-[acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)] = AMP + diphosphate + [acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)] (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Protein family: pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:

• Localization: cytoplasm (according to Swiss-Prot)

Database entries

• Structure:

• UniProt: P42975

• KEGG entry: [2]

• E.C. number: 6.3.4.15

Expression and regulation

• Operon: ypjD-dapB-mgsA-bshB1-bshA-cca-birA PubMed

• Expression browser: birA PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigA PubMed

• Regulation:
  • induced by diamide stess (thiol depletion) (Spx) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • Spx: transcription activation PubMed

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

Reviews

Steven Lin, John E Cronan
Closing in on complete pathways of biotin biosynthesis.
Mol Biosyst: 2011, 7(6);1811-21
[PubMed:21437340] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Original publications

Vandana Chakravartty, John E Cronan
The wing of a winged helix-turn-helix transcription factor organizes the active site of BirA, a bifunctional repressor/ligase.
J Biol Chem: 2013, 288(50);36029-39
[PubMed:24189073] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Ahmed Gaballa, Haike Antelmann, Chris J Hamilton, John D Helmann
Regulation of Bacillus subtilis bacillithiol biosynthesis operons by Spx.
Microbiology (Reading): 2013, 159(Pt 10);2025-2035
[PubMed:23894131] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Ahmed Gaballa, Gerald L Newton, Haike Antelmann, Derek Parsonage, Heather Upton, Mamta Rawat, Al Claiborne, Robert C Fahey, John D Helmann
Biosynthesis and functions of bacillithiol, a major low-molecular-weight thiol in Bacilli.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2010, 107(14);6482-6
[PubMed:20308541] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

J M Lee, S Zhang, S Saha, S Santa Anna, C Jiang, J Perkins
RNA expression analysis using an antisense Bacillus subtilis genome array.
J Bacteriol: 2001, 183(24);7371-80
[PubMed:11717296] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J B Perkins, S Bower, C L Howitt, R R Yocum, J Pero
Identification and characterization of transcripts from the biotin biosynthetic operon of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1996, 178(21);6361-5
[PubMed:8892842] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S Bower, J B Perkins, R R Yocum, C L Howitt, P Rahaim, J Pero
Cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the Bacillus subtilis biotin biosynthetic operon.
J Bacteriol: 1996, 178(14);4122-30
[PubMed:8763940] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S Bower, J Perkins, R R Yocum, P Serror, A Sorokin, P Rahaim, C L Howitt, N Prasad, S D Ehrlich, J Pero
Cloning and characterization of the Bacillus subtilis birA gene encoding a repressor of the biotin operon.
J Bacteriol: 1995, 177(9);2572-5
[PubMed:7730294] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)