SigM

• Description: RNA polymerase ECF-type sigma factor SigM
  
  

Gene name	sigM
Synonyms	yhdM
Essential	no
Product	RNA polymerase ECF-type sigma factor SigM
Function	responsible for intrinsic resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: sigM
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: SigM
MW, pI	19 kDa, 6.77
Gene length, protein length	489 bp, 163 aa
Immediate neighbours	yhdL, yhdN
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

transcription, sigma factors and their control, cell envelope stress proteins (controlled by SigM, V, W, X, Y), resistance against toxins/ antibiotics

This gene is a member of the following regulons

SigM regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU09520

Phenotypes of a mutant

• SigM is essential for growth and survival in nutrient broth (NB) containing 1.4 M NaCl PubMed
• sigM mutants form aberrantly shaped cells, which swell and lyse spontaneously during growth in NB medium containing increased levels (0.35-0.7 M) of a wide range of different salts PubMed
• increased sensitivity towards beta-lactam antibiotics PubMed

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family: sigma-70 factor family, ECF subfamily (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:
  • expression of CsbB in the absence of YfhO causes constitutive activation of SigM PubMed
  • shortage of available bactoprenol causes SigM activation PubMed

• Interactions:
  • SigM-YhdK-YhdL PubMed
  • SigM-RpoB-RpoC

• Localization:

Database entries

• Structure:

• UniProt: O07582

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Additional information

• Expression of the SigM regulon in increased in ugtP mutants PubMed

Expression and regulation

• Operon: sigM-yhdL-yhdK PubMed

• Expression browser: sigM PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigA PubMed, SigM PubMed

• Regulation:
  • induced by paraquat (SigM) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:

• Additional information:
  • expression of CsbB in the absence of YfhO causes constitutive activation of SigM PubMed
  • shortage of available bactoprenol causes SigM activation PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant:
  • 1A906 (sigM::kan), PubMed, available at BGSC
  • BP129 (sigM::aphA3), available in Fabian Commichau's lab

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

John Helmann, Cornell University, USA Homepage

References

The SigM regulon

Warawan Eiamphungporn, John D Helmann
The Bacillus subtilis sigma(M) regulon and its contribution to cell envelope stress responses.
Mol Microbiol: 2008, 67(4);830-48
[PubMed:18179421] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Thorsten Mascher, Anna-Barbara Hachmann, John D Helmann
Regulatory overlap and functional redundancy among Bacillus subtilis extracytoplasmic function sigma factors.
J Bacteriol: 2007, 189(19);6919-27
[PubMed:17675383] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Adrian J Jervis, Penny D Thackray, Chris W Houston, Malcolm J Horsburgh, Anne Moir
SigM-responsive genes of Bacillus subtilis and their promoters.
J Bacteriol: 2007, 189(12);4534-8
[PubMed:17434969] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)