Sigma factors

Overview of Bacillus subtilis sigma factors

• SigA: household sigma factor
  (list of SigA controlled genes)
• SigB: general stress sigma factor
• SigD: sigma factor for chemotaxis and motility genes
• SigE: early mother cell-specific sporulation sigma factor
• SigF: early forespore-specific sporulation sigma factor
• SigG: late forespore-specific sporulation sigma factor
• SigH: sigma factor that controls genes of the transition phase
• SigI:
• SigK: late mother cell-specific sporulation sigma factor
• SigL: enhancer-dependent sigma factor (Sigma-54 family)
• SigM: ECF sigma factor, controls genes required at high salt concentrations
• SigV: ECF sigma factor
• SigW: ECF sigma factor, mediates the transcriptional response to cell wall stress PubMed
• SigX: ECF sigma factor
• SigY: ECF sigma factor
• SigZ: ECF sigma factor
• Xpf
• YlaC
• YvrI-YvrH: (composite sigma factor)

Targets of ECF sigma factors

Yun Luo, Kei Asai, Yoshito Sadaie, John D Helmann
Transcriptomic and phenotypic characterization of a Bacillus subtilis strain without extracytoplasmic function σ factors.
J Bacteriol: 2010, 192(21);5736-45
[PubMed:20817771] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Important Reviews

Tanja M Gruber, Carol A Gross
Multiple sigma subunits and the partitioning of bacterial transcription space.
Annu Rev Microbiol: 2003, 57;441-66
[PubMed:14527287] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

John D Helmann
The extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors.
Adv Microb Physiol: 2002, 46;47-110
[PubMed:12073657] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

L Kroos, Y T Yu
Regulation of sigma factor activity during Bacillus subtilis development.
Curr Opin Microbiol: 2000, 3(6);553-60
[PubMed:11121773] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J D Helmann
Anti-sigma factors.
Curr Opin Microbiol: 1999, 2(2);135-41
[PubMed:10322161] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

L Kroos, B Zhang, H Ichikawa, Y T Yu
Control of sigma factor activity during Bacillus subtilis sporulation.
Mol Microbiol: 1999, 31(5);1285-94
[PubMed:10200951] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

K T Hughes, K Mathee
The anti-sigma factors.
Annu Rev Microbiol: 1998, 52;231-86
[PubMed:9891799] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

W G Haldenwang
The sigma factors of Bacillus subtilis.
Microbiol Rev: 1995, 59(1);1-30
[PubMed:7708009] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

R Losick, P Stragier
Crisscross regulation of cell-type-specific gene expression during development in B. subtilis.
Nature: 1992, 355(6361);601-4
[PubMed:1538747] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

P Stragier
Dances with sigmas.
EMBO J: 1991, 10(12);3559-66
[PubMed:1935888] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

P Stragier, R Losick
Cascades of sigma factors revisited.
Mol Microbiol: 1990, 4(11);1801-6
[PubMed:2127951] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

R H Doi, L F Wang
Multiple procaryotic ribonucleic acid polymerase sigma factors.
Microbiol Rev: 1986, 50(3);227-43
[PubMed:3095618] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)