CwlO

• Description: D,L-endopeptidase-type autolysin, primary autolytic pathway for cell elongation
  
  

Gene name	cwlO
Synonyms	yzkA, yvcE
Essential	no
Product	endopeptidase-type autolysin
Function	cell wall synthesis, cell elongation
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: cwlO
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: CwlO
MW, pI	50 kDa, 5.326
Gene length, protein length	1419 bp, 473 aa
Immediate neighbours	trxB, yvcD
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

cell wall synthesis, cell wall degradation/ turnover

This gene is a member of the following regulons

WalR regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU34800

Phenotypes of a mutant

• a cwlO lytE mutant is not viable PubMed
• shorter, fatter cells, this can be rescued by addition of Mg(2+) PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU34800

• DBTBS entry: no entry

• SubtiList entry: [1]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family: peptidase C40 family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s): the C-terminal D,L-endopeptidase domains of LytE, LytF, CwlS, and CwlO exhibit strong sequence similarity

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:
  • C-terminal D,L-endopeptidase domain PubMed

• Modification:

• Cofactors:

• Effectors of protein activity:
  • CwlO requires activation by FtsE-FtsX PubMed
  • activity requires functional Mbl PubMed

• Interactions:
  • FtsX-CwlO, at the membrane PubMed

• Localization:
  • extracellular (signal peptide) PubMed
  • localizes to the outer lateral sidewall of the cell (via the N-terminal domain) PubMed
  • cell membrane in a FtsX-dependent manner PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU34800

• Structure:

• UniProt: P40767

• KEGG entry: [2]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon:

• Expression browser: cwlO PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigA PubMed

• Regulation:
  • expressed during exponential growth (WalR) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • WalR: transcription activation PubMed

• Additional information:
  • The mRNA has a long 5' leader region (187 N). This may indicate RNA-based regulation PubMed
  • the leader mRNA is subject to cleavage by RNase Y, this results in limited expression of cwlO PubMed
  • there is a SigB-dependent anti-sense transcript which is expressed in the stationary phase PubMed
  • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium): 207 PubMed
  • number of protein molecules per cell (complex medium with amino acids, without glucose): 200 PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant: BKE34800 (cwlO::erm, available in the BGSC and in Jörg Stülke's lab)

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

Reviews

Waldemar Vollmer
Bacterial growth does require peptidoglycan hydrolases.
Mol Microbiol: 2012, 86(5);1031-5
[PubMed:23066944] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Original publications

David Noone, Letal I Salzberg, Eric Botella, Katrin Bäsell, Dörte Becher, Haike Antelmann, Kevin M Devine
A highly unstable transcript makes CwlO D,L-endopeptidase expression responsive to growth conditions in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2014, 196(2);237-47
[PubMed:24163346] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Patricia Domínguez-Cuevas, Ida Porcelli, Richard A Daniel, Jeff Errington
Differentiated roles for MreB-actin isologues and autolytic enzymes in Bacillus subtilis morphogenesis.
Mol Microbiol: 2013, 89(6);1084-98
[PubMed:23869552] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Jeffrey Meisner, Paula Montero Llopis, Lok-To Sham, Ethan Garner, Thomas G Bernhardt, David Z Rudner
FtsEX is required for CwlO peptidoglycan hydrolase activity during cell wall elongation in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2013, 89(6);1069-83
[PubMed:23855774] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Masayuki Hashimoto, Seika Ooiwa, Junichi Sekiguchi
Synthetic lethality of the lytE cwlO genotype in Bacillus subtilis is caused by lack of D,L-endopeptidase activity at the lateral cell wall.
J Bacteriol: 2012, 194(4);796-803
[PubMed:22139507] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Nobuo Mitsui, Hisashi Murasawa, Junichi Sekiguchi
Disruption of the cell wall lytic enzyme CwlO affects the amount and molecular size of poly-γ-glutamic acid produced by Bacillus subtilis (natto).
J Gen Appl Microbiol: 2011, 57(1);35-43
[PubMed:21478646] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Irnov Irnov, Cynthia M Sharma, Jörg Vogel, Wade C Winkler
Identification of regulatory RNAs in Bacillus subtilis.
Nucleic Acids Res: 2010, 38(19);6637-51
[PubMed:20525796] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Birgit Voigt, Haike Antelmann, Dirk Albrecht, Armin Ehrenreich, Karl-Heinz Maurer, Stefan Evers, Gerhard Gottschalk, Jan Maarten van Dijl, Thomas Schweder, Michael Hecker
Cell physiology and protein secretion of Bacillus licheniformis compared to Bacillus subtilis.
J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol: 2009, 16(1-2);53-68
[PubMed:18957862] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Paola Bisicchia, David Noone, Efthimia Lioliou, Alistair Howell, Sarah Quigley, Thomas Jensen, Hanne Jarmer, Kevin M Devine
The essential YycFG two-component system controls cell wall metabolism in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2007, 65(1);180-200
[PubMed:17581128] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, Kazumi Furuhata, Tatsuya Fukushima, Hiroki Yamamoto, Junichi Sekiguchi
Characterization of a new Bacillus subtilis peptidoglycan hydrolase gene, yvcE (named cwlO), and the enzymatic properties of its encoded protein.
J Biosci Bioeng: 2004, 98(3);174-81
[PubMed:16233686] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)