LytE

• Description: cell wall hydrolase (major autolysin) for cell elongation and separation, D,L-endopeptidase-type autolysin
  
  

Gene name	lytE
Synonyms	papQ, cwlF
Essential	no
Product	cell wall hydrolase (major autolysin),endopeptidase-type autolysin
Function	major autolysin, cell elongation and separation
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: lytE
MW, pI	37 kDa, 10.713
Gene length, protein length	1029 bp, 343 aa
Immediate neighbours	phoA, citR
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

cell wall degradation/ turnover, cell wall synthesis

This gene is a member of the following regulons

SigH regulon, SigI regulon, Spo0A regulon, WalR regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU09420

Phenotypes of a mutant

• a cwlO lytE mutant is not viable PubMed
• growth defect at high temperature PubMed
• inactivation of lytE strongly restores beta-lactam resistance in a sigM mutant by delaying cell lysis PubMed
• a lytE mutation is synthetically lethal with ftsE and ftsX mutation (due to a lack of autolysin activity) PubMed
• a lytE mutation increases the cell separation defect of a lytF mutant PubMed
• cells are thinner (reduced diameter) as compared to the wild type PubMed

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family: nlpC/p60 family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s): the C-terminal D,L-endopeptidase domains of LytE, LytF, CwlS, and CwlO exhibit strong sequence similarity

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:
  • contains three N-acetylglucosamine-polymer-binding LysM domains PubMed
  • C-terminal D,L-endopeptidase domain PubMed

• Modification:

• Cofactors:

• Effectors of protein activity:
  • activity requires functional MreB and MreBH PubMed

• Interactions:
  • MreBH-LytE along the cylindrical part of the cell wall PubMed
  • FtsZ-LytE at the division septum PubMed
  • PbpB-LytE at the division septum PubMed

• Localization:
  • binds the cell wall PubMed
  • localizes to cell septa, poles and lateral sidewall of the cell (via the N-terminal domain) PubMed
  • localization to lateral cell wall depends on the interaction with MreBH PubMed

Database entries

• Structure:

• UniProt: P54421

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: lytE PubMed

• Expression browser: lytE PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigA PubMed, SigH PubMed, SigI PubMed

• Regulation:
  • repressed under conditions that trigger sporulation (Spo0A) PubMed
  • induced at high temperature (SigI, WalR) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • WalR: transcription activation PubMed
  • Spo0A: transcription repression PubMed

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:
  • 1A790 ( lytE::cat), PubMed, available at BGSC
  • 1A792 ( lytE::cat), PubMed, available at BGSC
  • 1A1024 ( lytE::spec), PubMed, available at BGSC

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

Reviews

Waldemar Vollmer
Bacterial growth does require peptidoglycan hydrolases.
Mol Microbiol: 2012, 86(5);1031-5
[PubMed:23066944] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Girbe Buist, Anton Steen, Jan Kok, Oscar P Kuipers
LysM, a widely distributed protein motif for binding to (peptido)glycans.
Mol Microbiol: 2008, 68(4);838-47
[PubMed:18430080] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Original publications

Wan-Zhen Huang, Jyun-Jhih Wang, Hui-Ju Chen, Jung-Tze Chen, Gwo-Chyuan Shaw
The heat-inducible essential response regulator WalR positively regulates transcription of sigI, mreBH and lytE in Bacillus subtilis under heat stress.
Res Microbiol: 2013, 164(10);998-1008
[PubMed:24125693] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Patricia Domínguez-Cuevas, Ida Porcelli, Richard A Daniel, Jeff Errington
Differentiated roles for MreB-actin isologues and autolytic enzymes in Bacillus subtilis morphogenesis.
Mol Microbiol: 2013, 89(6);1084-98
[PubMed:23869552] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Jeffrey Meisner, Paula Montero Llopis, Lok-To Sham, Ethan Garner, Thomas G Bernhardt, David Z Rudner
FtsEX is required for CwlO peptidoglycan hydrolase activity during cell wall elongation in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2013, 89(6);1069-83
[PubMed:23855774] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Yun Luo, John D Helmann
Analysis of the role of Bacillus subtilis σ(M) in β-lactam resistance reveals an essential role for c-di-AMP in peptidoglycan homeostasis.
Mol Microbiol: 2012, 83(3);623-39
[PubMed:22211522] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Masayuki Hashimoto, Seika Ooiwa, Junichi Sekiguchi
Synthetic lethality of the lytE cwlO genotype in Bacillus subtilis is caused by lack of D,L-endopeptidase activity at the lateral cell wall.
J Bacteriol: 2012, 194(4);796-803
[PubMed:22139507] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Chi-Ling Tseng, Jung-Tze Chen, Ju-Hui Lin, Wan-Zhen Huang, Gwo-Chyuan Shaw
Genetic evidence for involvement of the alternative sigma factor SigI in controlling expression of the cell wall hydrolase gene lytE and contribution of LytE to heat survival of Bacillus subtilis.
Arch Microbiol: 2011, 193(9);677-85
[PubMed:21541672] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Chyi-Liang Chen, Sau-Ching Wu, Wai Mui Tjia, Christopher L C Wang, Manfred J Lohka, Sui-Lam Wong
Development of a LytE-based high-density surface display system in Bacillus subtilis.
Microb Biotechnol: 2008, 1(2);177-90
[PubMed:21261835] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Paola Bisicchia, David Noone, Efthimia Lioliou, Alistair Howell, Sarah Quigley, Thomas Jensen, Hanne Jarmer, Kevin M Devine
The essential YycFG two-component system controls cell wall metabolism in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2007, 65(1);180-200
[PubMed:17581128] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Rut Carballido-López, Alex Formstone, Ying Li, S Dusko Ehrlich, Philippe Noirot, Jeff Errington
Actin homolog MreBH governs cell morphogenesis by localization of the cell wall hydrolase LytE.
Dev Cell: 2006, 11(3);399-409
[PubMed:16950129] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Virginie Molle, Masaya Fujita, Shane T Jensen, Patrick Eichenberger, José E González-Pastor, Jun S Liu, Richard Losick
The Spo0A regulon of Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2003, 50(5);1683-701
[PubMed:14651647] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Hiroki Yamamoto, Shin-ichirou Kurosawa, Junichi Sekiguchi
Localization of the vegetative cell wall hydrolases LytC, LytE, and LytF on the Bacillus subtilis cell surface and stability of these enzymes to cell wall-bound or extracellular proteases.
J Bacteriol: 2003, 185(22);6666-77
[PubMed:14594841] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

R Ohnishi, S Ishikawa, J Sekiguchi
Peptidoglycan hydrolase LytF plays a role in cell separation with CwlF during vegetative growth of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1999, 181(10);3178-84
[PubMed:10322020] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S Ishikawa, Y Hara, R Ohnishi, J Sekiguchi
Regulation of a new cell wall hydrolase gene, cwlF, which affects cell separation in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1998, 180(9);2549-55
[PubMed:9573210] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

P Margot, M Wahlen, A Gholamhoseinian, P Piggot, D Karamata
The lytE gene of Bacillus subtilis 168 encodes a cell wall hydrolase.
J Bacteriol: 1998, 180(3);749-52
[PubMed:9457885] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)