AprE

• Description: major extracellular alkaline protease
  
  

Gene name	aprE
Synonyms	sprE
Essential	no
Product	extracellular alkaline serine protease (subtilisin E))
Function	protein degradation
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: aprE
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: AprE
MW, pI	39 kDa, 9.342
Gene length, protein length	1143 bp, 381 aa
Immediate neighbours	yhfN, yhfO
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

utilization of nitrogen sources other than amino acids, proteolysis

This gene is a member of the following regulons

AbrB regulon, ScoC regulon, SinR regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU10300

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU10300

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: Hydrolysis of proteins with broad specificity for peptide bonds, and a preference for a large uncharged residue in P1 (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Protein family: peptidase S8 family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactors:

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:
  • AprE-PaiA PubMed

• Localization: secreted (according to Swiss-Prot), extracellular (signal peptide) PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU10300

• Structure: 1SBC

• UniProt: P04189

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: aprE (according to DBTBS)

• Expression browser: aprE PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigA PubMed

• Regulation:
  • repressed by SinR PubMed
  • repressed during exponential growth (ScoC, AbrB) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • SinR: transcription repression PubMed
  • ScoC: transcription repression PubMed
  • AbrB: transcription repression PubMed
  • DegU-P: transcription activation PubMed

• Additional information: the mRNA is extremely stable (more than 25 min) PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

• Additional information: The pAPNC213 vector published by Morimoto et al. (2002) is an insertion plasmid for IPTG inducible constructs that can be integrated into the chromosomal aprE locus by replacing the aprE open reading frame via double homologous recombination. PubMed

References

Original publications

Seon-Ju Jeong, Kyeong Heo, Ji Yeong Park, Kang Wook Lee, Jae-Yong Park, Sang Hoon Joo, Jeong Hwan Kim
Characterization of AprE176, a fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus subtilis HK176.
J Microbiol Biotechnol: 2015, 25(1);89-97
[PubMed:25315053] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Susanne Pohl, Gaurav Bhavsar, Joanne Hulme, Alexandra E Bloor, Goksel Misirli, Matthew W Leckenby, David S Radford, Wendy Smith, Anil Wipat, E Diane Williamson, Colin R Harwood, Rocky M Cranenburgh
Proteomic analysis of Bacillus subtilis strains engineered for improved production of heterologous proteins.
Proteomics: 2013, 13(22);3298-308
[PubMed:24115457] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Shigeki Kada, Atsushi Ishikawa, Yoshifumi Ohshima, Ken-ichi Yoshida
Alkaline serine protease AprE plays an essential role in poly-γ-glutamate production during natto fermentation.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem: 2013, 77(4);802-9
[PubMed:23563567] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Xujun Han, Yuh Shiwa, Masanori Itoh, Tohru Suzuki, Hirofumi Yoshikawa, Toshiyuki Nakagawa, Hiroko Nagano
Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of an extracellular protease from four Bacillus subtilis strains.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem: 2013, 77(4);870-3
[PubMed:23563549] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Fordyce A Davidson, Chung Seon-Yi, Nicola R Stanley-Wall
Selective heterogeneity in exoprotease production by Bacillus subtilis.
PLoS One: 2012, 7(6);e38574
[PubMed:22745669] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Weihua Gao, Sen Dai, Quanli Liu, Haijin Xu, Mingqiang Qiao
CitB mutation increases the alkaline protease productivity in Bacillus subtilis.
J Gen Appl Microbiol: 2010, 56(5);403-7
[PubMed:21099137] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Eliel R Romero-García, Alfredo Téllez-Valencia, María F Trujillo, José G Sampedro, Hugo Nájera, Arturo Rojo-Domínguez, Jesús García-Soto, Mario Pedraza-Reyes
Engineering and directed evolution of a Ca2+ binding site A-deficient AprE mutant reveal an essential contribution of the loop Leu75-Leu82 to enzyme activity.
J Biomed Biotechnol: 2009, 2009;201075
[PubMed:19710937] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Sadanobu Abe, Ayako Yasumura, Teruo Tanaka
Regulation of Bacillus subtilis aprE expression by glnA through inhibition of scoC and sigma(D)-dependent degR expression.
J Bacteriol: 2009, 191(9);3050-8
[PubMed:19251843] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Birgit Voigt, Haike Antelmann, Dirk Albrecht, Armin Ehrenreich, Karl-Heinz Maurer, Stefan Evers, Gerhard Gottschalk, Jan Maarten van Dijl, Thomas Schweder, Michael Hecker
Cell physiology and protein secretion of Bacillus licheniformis compared to Bacillus subtilis.
J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol: 2009, 16(1-2);53-68
[PubMed:18957862] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Jan-Willem Veening, Oleg A Igoshin, Robyn T Eijlander, Reindert Nijland, Leendert W Hamoen, Oscar P Kuipers
Transient heterogeneity in extracellular protease production by Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Syst Biol: 2008, 4;184
[PubMed:18414485] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Kana Shimane, Mitsuo Ogura
Mutational analysis of the helix-turn-helix region of Bacillus subtilis response regulator DegU, and identification of cis-acting sequences for DegU in the aprE and comK promoters.
J Biochem: 2004, 136(3);387-97
[PubMed:15598897] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Mitsuo Ogura, Atsushi Matsuzawa, Hirofumi Yoshikawa, Teruo Tanaka
Bacillus subtilis SalA (YbaL) negatively regulates expression of scoC, which encodes the repressor for the alkaline exoprotease gene, aprE.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(10);3056-64
[PubMed:15126467] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Atsuhiro Arai, Eiji Kawachi, Michihiro Hata, Mitsuo Ogura, Teruo Tanaka
Inhibition of Bacillus subtilis aprE expression by lincomycin at the posttranscriptional level through inhibition of ppGpp synthesis.
J Biochem: 2003, 134(5);691-7
[PubMed:14688235] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Mitsuo Ogura, Kana Shimane, Kei Asai, Naotake Ogasawara, Teruo Tanaka
Binding of response regulator DegU to the aprE promoter is inhibited by RapG, which is counteracted by extracellular PhrG in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2003, 49(6);1685-97
[PubMed:12950930] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

G Hambraeus, C von Wachenfeldt, L Hederstedt
Genome-wide survey of mRNA half-lives in Bacillus subtilis identifies extremely stable mRNAs.
Mol Genet Genomics: 2003, 269(5);706-14
[PubMed:12884008] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Gustav Hambraeus, Kaisa Karhumaa, Blanka Rutberg
A 5' stem-loop and ribosome binding but not translation are important for the stability of Bacillus subtilis aprE leader mRNA.
Microbiology (Reading): 2002, 148(Pt 6);1795-1803
[PubMed:12055299] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

T Urano, H Ihara, K Umemura, Y Suzuki, M Oike, S Akita, Y Tsukamoto, I Suzuki, A Takada
The profibrinolytic enzyme subtilisin NAT purified from Bacillus subtilis Cleaves and inactivates plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1.
J Biol Chem: 2001, 276(27);24690-6
[PubMed:11325965] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Gustav Hambraeus, Martin Persson, Blanka Rutberg
The aprE leader is a determinant of extreme mRNA stability in Bacillus subtilis.
Microbiology (Reading): 2000, 146 Pt 12;3051-3059
[PubMed:11101663] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

P T Kallio, J E Fagelson, J A Hoch, M A Strauch
The transition state regulator Hpr of Bacillus subtilis is a DNA-binding protein.
J Biol Chem: 1991, 266(20);13411-7
[PubMed:1906467] [WorldCat.org] (P p)

N K Gaur, J Oppenheim, I Smith
The Bacillus subtilis sin gene, a regulator of alternate developmental processes, codes for a DNA-binding protein.
J Bacteriol: 1991, 173(2);678-86
[PubMed:1898931] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M A Strauch, G B Spiegelman, M Perego, W C Johnson, D Burbulys, J A Hoch
The transition state transcription regulator abrB of Bacillus subtilis is a DNA binding protein.
EMBO J: 1989, 8(5);1615-21
[PubMed:2504584] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M Perego, J A Hoch
Sequence analysis and regulation of the hpr locus, a regulatory gene for protease production and sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1988, 170(6);2560-7
[PubMed:3131303] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

D J Henner, E Ferrari, M Perego, J A Hoch
Location of the targets of the hpr-97, sacU32(Hy), and sacQ36(Hy) mutations in upstream regions of the subtilisin promoter.
J Bacteriol: 1988, 170(1);296-300
[PubMed:2447063] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

E Ferrari, D J Henner, M Perego, J A Hoch
Transcription of Bacillus subtilis subtilisin and expression of subtilisin in sporulation mutants.
J Bacteriol: 1988, 170(1);289-95
[PubMed:2447062] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

E Ferrari, S M Howard, J A Hoch
Effect of stage 0 sporulation mutations on subtilisin expression.
J Bacteriol: 1986, 166(1);173-9
[PubMed:3082852] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S L Wong, C W Price, D S Goldfarb, R H Doi
The subtilisin E gene of Bacillus subtilis is transcribed from a sigma 37 promoter in vivo.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 1984, 81(4);1184-8
[PubMed:6322190] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)