GltA

• Description: large subunit of glutamate synthase, small subunit is gltB, glutamate biosynthesis is induced by sugar and repressed by arginine
  
  

Gene name	gltA
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	glutamate synthase (large subunit)
Function	glutamate biosynthesis
MW, pI	168 kDa, 5.47
Gene length, protein length	4560 bp, 1520 amino acids
Immediate neighbours	gltC, gltB
Gene sequence (+200bp)	Protein sequence
Genetic context File:GenE context.gif

The gene

Basic information

• Coordinates:

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: 2 L-glutamate + NADP(+) <=> L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH

• Protein family: glutamate synthase family

• Paralogous protein(s): YerD

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:
  • Glutamine amidotransferase type-2 domain (22-415)
  • Nucleotide binding domain (1060-1112)

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s): 3Fe-4S, FAD, FMN

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:

• Localization: membrane protein

Database entries

• Structure:

• Swiss prot entry: [3]

• KEGG entry: [4]

• E.C. number: [5]

Additional information

subject to Clp-dependent proteolysis upon glucose starvation

Expression and regulation

• Operon: gltA gltB

• Sigma factor: SigA

• Regulation: induced by sugar, repressed by arginine, ammonium required

• Regulatory mechanism: Aktivator: GltC; Repressor: TnrA

• Additional information:

Labs working on this gene/protein

Linc Sonenshein, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA Homepage

Jörg Stülke, University of Göttingen, Germany Homepage

References

1. Author1, Author2 & Author3 (year) Title Journal volume: page-page. PubMed

1. Yoshida K, et al. (2003)Identification of additional TnrA-regulated genes of Bacillus subtilis associated with a TnrA box. Mol Microbiol 49(1): 157-65. PubMed

1. Belitsky, B. R., and Sonenshein, A. L. (1995) Mutations in GltC that increase Bacillus subtilis gltA expression. J Bacteriol 177: 5696-5700.
2. Belitsky BR, Sonenshein AL (1997) Altered transcription activation specificity of a mutant form of Bacillus subtilis GltR, a LysR family member. J Bacteriol 179:1035-1043
3. Belitsky, B. R., Wray, L. V., Jr., Fisher, S. H., Bohannon, D. E. & Sonenshein, A. L. (2000). Role of TnrA in nitrogen source-dependent repression of Bacillus subtilis glutamate synthase gene expression. J Bacteriol 182, 5939-5947.
4. Belitsky BR, Sonenshein AL (2004) Modulation of activity of Bacillus subtilis regulatory proteins GltC and TnrA by glutamate dehydrogenase. J Bacteriol 186:3399-3407
5. Bohannon DE, Sonenshein AL: Positive regulation of glutamate biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 1989, 171:4718-4727.
6. Commichau, F. M., Gunka, K., Landmann, J. J. & Stülke, J. (2008) Glutamate metabolism in Bacillus subtilis: Gene expression and enzyme activities evolved to avoid futile cycles and to allow rapid responses to perturbations in the system. J. Bacteriol. 190: 3557-3564.
7. Commichau, F. M., Herzberg, C., Tripal, P., Valerius, O. & Stülke, J. (2007) A regulatory protein-protein interaction governs glutamate biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis: The glutamate dehydrogenase RocG moonlights in controlling the transcription factor GltC. Mol. Microbiol. 65: 642-654.
8. Commichau, F. M., Wacker, I., Schleider, J., Blencke, H. M., Reif, I., Tripal, P. & Stülke, J. (2007) Characterization of Bacillus subtilis mutants with carbon-source independent glutamate biosynthesis. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 12:106-113.
9. Herzberg, C., Flórez Weidinger, L. A., Dörrbecker, B., Hübner, S., Stülke, J. & Commichau, F. M. (2007) SPINE: A method for the rapid detection and analysis of protein-protein interactions in vivo. Proteomics 7: 4032-4035.
10. Picossi, S., B. R. Belitsky, and A. L. Sonenshein. 2007. Molecular mechanism of the regulation of Bacillus subtilis gltAB expression by GltC. J. Mol. Biol. 365: 1298-1313.
11. Schell, M. A. (1993). Molecular biology of the LysR family of transcriptional regulators. Annu Rev Microbiol 47, 597-626.
12. Wacker, I., Ludwig, H., Reif, I., Blencke, H.-M., Detsch, C. & Stülke, J. (2003) The regulatory link between carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Bacillus subtilis: regulation of the gltAB operon by the catabolite control protein CcpA. Microbiology 149: 3001-3009.