EpsA

• Description: extracellular polysaccharide synthesis, putative transmembrane modulator of EpsB activity, might activate EpsB autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation
  
  

Gene name	epsA
Synonyms	yveK
Essential	no
Product	unknown
Function	biofilm formation
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: epsA
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: EpsA
Regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: epsA
MW, pI	25 kDa, 6.071
Gene length, protein length	702 bp, 234 aa
Immediate neighbours	epsB, slrR
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

protein modification, biofilm formation, membrane proteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

AbrB regulon, RemA regulon, SinR regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU34370

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU34370

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family: cpsC/capA family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s): TkmA

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactors:

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:
  • EpsA-EpsB PubMed

• Localization: cell membrane (according to Swiss-Prot)

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU34370

• Structure:

• UniProt: P71050

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: epsA-epsB-epsC-epsD-epsE-epsF-epsG-epsH-epsI-epsJ-epsK-epsL-epsM-epsN-epsO PubMed

• Expression browser: epsA PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigA PubMed

• Regulation:
  • repressed by SinR PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • SinR: transcription anti-activation (prevents binding of RemA) PubMed
  • RemA: transcription activation PubMed
  • AbrB: transcription repression PubMed

• Additional information:
  • induction by sequestration of SinR by SinI or SlrA PubMed or by SlrR PubMed
  • the epsA-epsB-epsC-epsD-epsE-epsF-epsG-epsH-epsI-epsJ-epsK-epsL-epsM-epsN-epsO operon is not expressed in a ymdB mutant PubMed
  • the amount of the mRNA is substantially decreased upon depletion of RNase Y (this is likely due to the increased stability of the sinR mRNA) PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant:
  • GP1517 (aphA3) PubMed, available in Jörg Stülke's lab
  • GP1519 (epsA-epsB, aphA3) PubMed, available in Jörg Stülke's lab
  • GP1567 epsA::aphA3 tkmA::spc PubMed, available in Jörg Stülke's lab

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion: GP1569 epsA-gfp (spc), available in Jörg Stülke's lab

• two-hybrid system: B. pertussis adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system (BACTH) PubMed, available in Jörg Stülke's lab

• Antibody:

• FLAG-tag construct: GP1526 epsA-FLAG 3x spc (based on pGP1331) PubMed, available in Jörg Stülke's lab

Labs working on this gene/protein

Richard Losick, Harvard Univ., Cambridge, USA homepage

References

Reviews

Massimiliano Marvasi, Pieter T Visscher, Lilliam Casillas Martinez
Exopolymeric substances (EPS) from Bacillus subtilis: polymers and genes encoding their synthesis.
FEMS Microbiol Lett: 2010, 313(1);1-9
[PubMed:20735481] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Original publications

Alexander K W Elsholz, Sarah A Wacker, Richard Losick
Self-regulation of exopolysaccharide production in Bacillus subtilis by a tyrosine kinase.
Genes Dev: 2014, 28(15);1710-20
[PubMed:25085422] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Jan Gerwig, Taryn B Kiley, Katrin Gunka, Nicola Stanley-Wall, Jörg Stülke
The protein tyrosine kinases EpsB and PtkA differentially affect biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis.
Microbiology (Reading): 2014, 160(Pt 4);682-691
[PubMed:24493247] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Jared T Winkelman, Anna C Bree, Ashley R Bate, Patrick Eichenberger, Richard L Gourse, Daniel B Kearns
RemA is a DNA-binding protein that activates biofilm matrix gene expression in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2013, 88(5);984-97
[PubMed:23646920] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Christine Diethmaier, Nico Pietack, Katrin Gunka, Christoph Wrede, Martin Lehnik-Habrink, Christina Herzberg, Sebastian Hübner, Jörg Stülke
A novel factor controlling bistability in Bacillus subtilis: the YmdB protein affects flagellin expression and biofilm formation.
J Bacteriol: 2011, 193(21);5997-6007
[PubMed:21856853] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Martin Lehnik-Habrink, Marc Schaffer, Ulrike Mäder, Christine Diethmaier, Christina Herzberg, Jörg Stülke
RNA processing in Bacillus subtilis: identification of targets of the essential RNase Y.
Mol Microbiol: 2011, 81(6);1459-73
[PubMed:21815947] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Onuma Chumsakul, Hiroki Takahashi, Taku Oshima, Takahiro Hishimoto, Shigehiko Kanaya, Naotake Ogasawara, Shu Ishikawa
Genome-wide binding profiles of the Bacillus subtilis transition state regulator AbrB and its homolog Abh reveals their interactive role in transcriptional regulation.
Nucleic Acids Res: 2011, 39(2);414-28
[PubMed:20817675] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Yunrong Chai, Thomas Norman, Roberto Kolter, Richard Losick
An epigenetic switch governing daughter cell separation in Bacillus subtilis.
Genes Dev: 2010, 24(8);754-65
[PubMed:20351052] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Kazuo Kobayashi
SlrR/SlrA controls the initiation of biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2008, 69(6);1399-410
[PubMed:18647168] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Yunrong Chai, Frances Chu, Roberto Kolter, Richard Losick
Bistability and biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2008, 67(2);254-63
[PubMed:18047568] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Frances Chu, Daniel B Kearns, Steven S Branda, Roberto Kolter, Richard Losick
Targets of the master regulator of biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2006, 59(4);1216-28
[PubMed:16430695] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Daniel B Kearns, Frances Chu, Steven S Branda, Roberto Kolter, Richard Losick
A master regulator for biofilm formation by Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 55(3);739-49
[PubMed:15661000] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)