CheD

• Description: required for methylation of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins by CheR, enhances phosphatase activity of CheC
  
  

Gene name	cheD
Synonyms	ylxK
Essential	no
Product	CheC activity modulator
Function	motility, chemotaxis
MW, pI	17 kDa, 9.347
Gene length, protein length	498 bp, 166 aa
Immediate neighbours	cheC, sigD
Get the DNA and protein sequences (Barbe et al., 2009)
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU16460

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

Categories containing this gene/protein

motility and chemotaxis

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: Protein L-glutamine + H₂O = protein L-glutamate + NH₃ (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Protein family: cheD family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions: CheC-CheD PubMed

• Localization:

Database entries

• Structure:

• UniProt: P40404

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number: 3.5.1.44

Expression and regulation

• Operon:
  • flgB-flgC-fliE-fliF-fliG-fliH-fliI-fliJ-ylxF-fliK-ylxG-flgE-fliL-fliM-fliY-cheY-fliZ-fliP-fliQ-fliR-flhB-flhA-flhF-ylxH-cheB-cheA-cheW-cheC-cheD-sigD-swrB PubMed
  • ylxF-fliK-ylxG-flgE-fliL-fliM-fliY-cheY-fliZ-fliP-fliQ-fliR-flhB-flhA-flhF-ylxH-cheB-cheA-cheW-cheC-cheD-sigD-swrB PubMed

• Sigma factor:
  • flgB: SigA PubMed, SigD PubMed
  • ylxF: SigD PubMed

• Regulation:
  • repressed under conditions that trigger sporulation (Spo0A) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • Spo0A: transcription repression PubMed
  • CodY: transcription repression PubMed
  • DegU (non-phosphorylated): transcription activation PubMed

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

Reviews

Travis J Muff, George W Ordal
The diverse CheC-type phosphatases: chemotaxis and beyond.
Mol Microbiol: 2008, 70(5);1054-61
[PubMed:18990184] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Christopher V Rao, George D Glekas, George W Ordal
The three adaptation systems of Bacillus subtilis chemotaxis.
Trends Microbiol: 2008, 16(10);480-7
[PubMed:18774298] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Original publications

Travis J Muff, George W Ordal
The CheC phosphatase regulates chemotactic adaptation through CheD.
J Biol Chem: 2007, 282(47);34120-8
[PubMed:17908686] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Kazuo Kobayashi
Gradual activation of the response regulator DegU controls serial expression of genes for flagellum formation and biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2007, 66(2);395-409
[PubMed:17850253] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Xingjuan Chao, Travis J Muff, Sang-Youn Park, Sheng Zhang, Abiola M Pollard, George W Ordal, Alexandrine M Bilwes, Brian R Crane
A receptor-modifying deamidase in complex with a signaling phosphatase reveals reciprocal regulation.
Cell: 2006, 124(3);561-71
[PubMed:16469702] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Christopher J Kristich, George W Ordal
Analysis of chimeric chemoreceptors in Bacillus subtilis reveals a role for CheD in the function of the McpC HAMP domain.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(17);5950-5
[PubMed:15317802] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

H Werhane, P Lopez, M Mendel, M Zimmer, G W Ordal, L M Márquez-Magaña
The last gene of the fla/che operon in Bacillus subtilis, ylxL, is required for maximal sigmaD function.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(12);4025-9
[PubMed:15175317] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Virginie Molle, Masaya Fujita, Shane T Jensen, Patrick Eichenberger, José E González-Pastor, Jun S Liu, Richard Losick
The Spo0A regulon of Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2003, 50(5);1683-701
[PubMed:14651647] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Christopher J Kristich, George W Ordal
Bacillus subtilis CheD is a chemoreceptor modification enzyme required for chemotaxis.
J Biol Chem: 2002, 277(28);25356-62
[PubMed:12011078] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J R Kirby, C J Kristich, M M Saulmon, M A Zimmer, L F Garrity, I B Zhulin, G W Ordal
CheC is related to the family of flagellar switch proteins and acts independently from CheD to control chemotaxis in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2001, 42(3);573-85
[PubMed:11722727] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

W Estacio, S S Anna-Arriola, M Adedipe, L M Márquez-Magaña
Dual promoters are responsible for transcription initiation of the fla/che operon in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1998, 180(14);3548-55
[PubMed:9657996] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J R Kirby, C J Kristich, S L Feinberg, G W Ordal
Methanol production during chemotaxis to amino acids in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 1997, 24(4);869-78
[PubMed:9194713] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M M Rosario, G W Ordal
CheC and CheD interact to regulate methylation of Bacillus subtilis methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins.
Mol Microbiol: 1996, 21(3);511-8
[PubMed:8866475] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M M Rosario, J R Kirby, D A Bochar, G W Ordal
Chemotactic methylation and behavior in Bacillus subtilis: role of two unique proteins, CheC and CheD.
Biochemistry: 1995, 34(11);3823-31
[PubMed:7893679] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

L M Márquez-Magaña, M J Chamberlin
Characterization of the sigD transcription unit of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1994, 176(8);2427-34
[PubMed:8157612] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)