WapA

• Description: cell wall-associated protein precursor, contact-dependent growth inhibition protein
  
  

Gene name	wapA
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	cell wall-associated protein precursor
Function	intercellular competition
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: wapA
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: WapA
MW, pI	258 kDa, 6.131
Gene length, protein length	7002 bp, 2334 aa
Immediate neighbours	yxxG, yxxF
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

cell wall/ other, toxins, antitoxins and immunity against toxins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

DegU regulon, PhoP regulon, WalR regulon, YvrHb regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU39230

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU39230

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

Additional information

• A mutation was found in this gene after evolution under relexed selection for sporulation PubMed

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • the C-terminal toxic domain has RNase activity (cleaves tRNAs) PubMed

• Protein family:

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:
  • cell wall binding domain as retention signal
  • C-terminal toxic domain with RNase activity (cleaves tRNAs) PubMed

• Modification:

• Cofactors:

• Effectors of protein activity:
  • YxxG inhibits the toxic activity of WapA PubMed

• Interactions:
  • WapA-YxxG PubMed

• Localization:
  • extracellular (signal peptide), cell wall binding domain as retention signal, major constituent of the secretome PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU39230

• Structure:

• UniProt: Q07833

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: wapA-yxxG PubMed

• Expression browser: wapA PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigA PubMed

• Regulation:
  • repressed at high salt concentration (DegU-P) PubMed
  • repressed when phosphate is available (PhoP) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • PhoP: transcription repression PubMed
  • DegU-P: transcription repression PubMed
  • activated by YvrHb PubMed
  • WalR: transcription repression PubMed

• Additional information:
  • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, exponential phase): 66 PubMed
  • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, early stationary phase after glucose exhaustion): 6 PubMed
  • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, late stationary phase after glucose exhaustion): 51 PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

Letal I Salzberg, Eric Botella, Karsten Hokamp, Haike Antelmann, Sandra Maaß, Dörte Becher, David Noone, Kevin M Devine
Genome-wide analysis of phosphorylated PhoP binding to chromosomal DNA reveals several novel features of the PhoPR-mediated phosphate limitation response in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2015, 197(8);1492-506
[PubMed:25666134] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Sanna Koskiniemi, James G Lamoureux, Kiel C Nikolakakis, Claire t'Kint de Roodenbeke, Michael D Kaplan, David A Low, Christopher S Hayes
Rhs proteins from diverse bacteria mediate intercellular competition.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2013, 110(17);7032-7
[PubMed:23572593] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Letal I Salzberg, Leagh Powell, Karsten Hokamp, Eric Botella, David Noone, Kevin M Devine
The WalRK (YycFG) and σ(I) RsgI regulators cooperate to control CwlO and LytE expression in exponentially growing and stressed Bacillus subtilis cells.
Mol Microbiol: 2013, 87(1);180-95
[PubMed:23199363] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Christopher T Brown, Laura K Fishwick, Binna M Chokshi, Marissa A Cuff, Jay M Jackson, Travis Oglesby, Alison T Rioux, Enrique Rodriguez, Gregory S Stupp, Austin H Trupp, James S Woollcombe-Clarke, Tracy N Wright, William J Zaragoza, Jennifer C Drew, Eric W Triplett, Wayne L Nicholson
Whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic analysis of Bacillus subtilis mutants following evolution under conditions of relaxed selection for sporulation.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2011, 77(19);6867-77
[PubMed:21821766] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Birgit Voigt, Haike Antelmann, Dirk Albrecht, Armin Ehrenreich, Karl-Heinz Maurer, Stefan Evers, Gerhard Gottschalk, Jan Maarten van Dijl, Thomas Schweder, Michael Hecker
Cell physiology and protein secretion of Bacillus licheniformis compared to Bacillus subtilis.
J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol: 2009, 16(1-2);53-68
[PubMed:18957862] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Juliane Ollinger, Kyung-Bok Song, Haike Antelmann, Michael Hecker, John D Helmann
Role of the Fur regulon in iron transport in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2006, 188(10);3664-73
[PubMed:16672620] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Masakuni Serizawa, Keisuke Kodama, Hiroki Yamamoto, Kazuo Kobayashi, Naotake Ogasawara, Junichi Sekiguchi
Functional analysis of the YvrGHb two-component system of Bacillus subtilis: identification of the regulated genes by DNA microarray and northern blot analyses.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem: 2005, 69(11);2155-69
[PubMed:16306698] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Haike Antelmann, Hiroki Yamamoto, Junichi Sekiguchi, Michael Hecker
Stabilization of cell wall proteins in Bacillus subtilis: a proteomic approach.
Proteomics: 2002, 2(5);591-602
[PubMed:11987133] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

V Dartois, M Débarbouillé, F Kunst, G Rapoport
Characterization of a novel member of the DegS-DegU regulon affected by salt stress in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1998, 180(7);1855-61
[PubMed:9537385] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)