Cofactors

NAD(+)

• LplD

Copper

• CtaC (Cu(A))
• CtaD (Cu(B))
• QoxB (Cu(B))
• Sco

Nickel

• UreA-UreB-UreC (urease), the nickel ion binds the active site in UreC

Mark A Farrugia, Lee Macomber, Robert P Hausinger
Biosynthesis of the urease metallocenter.
J Biol Chem: 2013, 288(19);13178-85
[PubMed:23539618] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Harini Kaluarachchi, Kim C Chan Chung, Deborah B Zamble
Microbial nickel proteins.
Nat Prod Rep: 2010, 27(5);681-94
[PubMed:20442959] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Stephen W Ragsdale
Nickel-based Enzyme Systems.
J Biol Chem: 2009, 284(28);18571-5
[PubMed:19363030] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Manganese

• LplD

Heme A

• CtaD

Thiamine pyrophosphate

E1 subunits of ketoacid dehydrogenases/ acetoin dehydrogenase

• PdhA

Lipoic acid

E2 subunits of ketoacid dehydrogenases/ acetoin dehydrogenase

• PdhC
• OdhB
• AcoC
• BkdB

H protein of the glycine cleavage system

• GcvH (also required for LipL-catalyzed octanoyl transfer from AcpA to the E2s)

pyridoxyl phosphate

• GcvP

tetrahydrofalate

• GcvT