Mfd

• Description: transcription-repair coupling factor
  
  

Gene name	mfd
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	transcription-repair coupling factor
Function	promotes strand-specific DNA repair by displacing RNA polymerase stalled at a nucleotide lesion and directing the (A)BC excinuclease to the RNA damage site
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: mfd RNA polymerase stalled at a nucleotide lesion and directing the (A)BC excinuclease to the RNA damage site
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: Mfd
MW, pI	133 kDa, 5.367
Gene length, protein length	3531 bp, 1177 aa
Immediate neighbours	fin, spoVT
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

DNA repair/ recombination, transcription

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU00550

Phenotypes of a mutant

In an mfd knock-out, the cell's ability to accumulate adaptive mutations in stationary phase is depressed. PubMed

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: no entry

• SubtiList entry: [1]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • promotes strand-specific DNA repair by displacing RNA polymerase stalled at a nucleotide lesion and directing the (A)BC excinuclease to the RNA damage site
  • is required for roadblock transcription repression by transcription factors with binding sites downstream of the promoter (as for CcpA PubMed and CodY PubMed)

• Protein family:

• Paralogous protein(s): RecG

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:
  • Mfd interacts with the RNA polymerase PubMed
  • Mfd-UvrA PubMed
  • Mfd-RpoB PubMed

• Localization:

Database entries

• Structure:
  • 2EYQ (Mfd from E. coli) PubMed
  • 3MLQ (RNA polymerase interacting domain of Thermus thermophilus Mfd with the Thermus aquaticus RpoB beta1 domain) PubMed

• UniProt: P37474

• KEGG entry: [2]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon:

• Expression browser: mfd PubMed

• Sigma factor:

• Regulation:

• Regulatory mechanism:

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant: GP1167 (del ermC), available in Stülke lab

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion: GP1510 (spc, based on pGP1870, pGP1389-derivative ), available in the Stülke lab

• YFP fusion: GP1511 (spc, based on pGP1871, pGP1389-derivative ), available in the Stülke lab

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

• Strep-tag construct: GP890 (spc, based on pGP1389), available in the Stülke lab

References

Original publications

Additional publications: PubMed

Kévin Howan, Abigail J Smith, Lars F Westblade, Nicolas Joly, Wilfried Grange, Sylvain Zorman, Seth A Darst, Nigel J Savery, Terence R Strick
Initiation of transcription-coupled repair characterized at single-molecule resolution.
Nature: 2012, 490(7420);431-4
[PubMed:22960746] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Holly Anne Martin, Mario Pedraza-Reyes, Ronald E Yasbin, Eduardo A Robleto
Transcriptional de-repression and Mfd are mutagenic in stressed Bacillus subtilis cells.
J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol: 2011, 21(1-2);45-58
[PubMed:22248542] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Katrin Gunka, Stefan Tholen, Jan Gerwig, Christina Herzberg, Jörg Stülke, Fabian M Commichau
A high-frequency mutation in Bacillus subtilis: requirements for the decryptification of the gudB glutamate dehydrogenase gene.
J Bacteriol: 2012, 194(5);1036-44
[PubMed:22178973] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Boris R Belitsky, Abraham L Sonenshein
Roadblock repression of transcription by Bacillus subtilis CodY.
J Mol Biol: 2011, 411(4);729-43
[PubMed:21699902] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Christine Pybus, Mario Pedraza-Reyes, Christian A Ross, Holly Martin, Katherine Ona, Ronald E Yasbin, Eduardo Robleto
Transcription-associated mutation in Bacillus subtilis cells under stress.
J Bacteriol: 2010, 192(13);3321-8
[PubMed:20435731] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Christian Ross, Christine Pybus, Mario Pedraza-Reyes, Huang-Mo Sung, Ronald E Yasbin, Eduardo Robleto
Novel role of mfd: effects on stationary-phase mutagenesis in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2006, 188(21);7512-20
[PubMed:16950921] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Alexandra M Deaconescu, Anna L Chambers, Abigail J Smith, Bryce E Nickels, Ann Hochschild, Nigel J Savery, Seth A Darst
Structural basis for bacterial transcription-coupled DNA repair.
Cell: 2006, 124(3);507-20
[PubMed:16469698] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J M Zalieckas, L V Wray, A E Ferson, S H Fisher
Transcription-repair coupling factor is involved in carbon catabolite repression of the Bacillus subtilis hut and gnt operons.
Mol Microbiol: 1998, 27(5);1031-8
[PubMed:9535092] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S Ayora, F Rojo, N Ogasawara, S Nakai, J C Alonso
The Mfd protein of Bacillus subtilis 168 is involved in both transcription-coupled DNA repair and DNA recombination.
J Mol Biol: 1996, 256(2);301-18
[PubMed:8594198] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

V D Filippov, E E Zagoruiko
Study of MFD in Bacillus subtilis.
Mutat Res: 1978, 52(1);49-56
[PubMed:104170] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)