Easter egg

• Description: amino acid racemase, production of D-amino acids, control of biofilm formation
  
  

Gene name	racX
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	amino acid racemase
Function	control of biofilm formation
MW, pI	25 kDa, 5.396
Gene length, protein length	681 bp, 227 aa
Immediate neighbours	yveF, pbpE
Get the DNA and protein sequences (Barbe et al., 2009)
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList

Categories containing this gene/protein

biofilm formation, cell envelope stress proteins (controlled by SigM, W, X, Y)

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU34430

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family: aspartate/glutamate racemases family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:

• Localization:

Database entries

• Structure:

• UniProt: P32960

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: pbpE-racX PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigW PubMed

• Regulation:
  • repressed during logrithmic growth (AbrB) PubMed
  • induced by cell wall stress (SigW) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • AbrB: transcription repression PubMed

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

Ilana Kolodkin-Gal, Diego Romero, Shugeng Cao, Jon Clardy, Roberto Kolter, Richard Losick
D-amino acids trigger biofilm disassembly.
Science: 2010, 328(5978);627-9
[PubMed:20431016] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

María Mercedes Palomino, Carmen Sanchez-Rivas, Sandra M Ruzal
High salt stress in Bacillus subtilis: involvement of PBP4* as a peptidoglycan hydrolase.
Res Microbiol: 2009, 160(2);117-24
[PubMed:19063962] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

X Huang, A Gaballa, M Cao, J D Helmann
Identification of target promoters for the Bacillus subtilis extracytoplasmic function sigma factor, sigma W.
Mol Microbiol: 1999, 31(1);361-71
[PubMed:9987136] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M A Strauch
Delineation of AbrB-binding sites on the Bacillus subtilis spo0H, kinB, ftsAZ, and pbpE promoters and use of a derived homology to identify a previously unsuspected binding site in the bsuB1 methylase promote.
J Bacteriol: 1995, 177(23);6999-7002
[PubMed:7592498] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

D L Popham, P Setlow
Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and regulation of the Bacillus subtilis pbpE operon, which codes for penicillin-binding protein 4* and an apparent amino acid racemase.
J Bacteriol: 1993, 175(10);2917-25
[PubMed:8491712] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)