SpoVAD

• Description: essential for the uptake of the 1:1 chelate of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (DPA(2,6)) and Ca(2+) into developing spores, likely germination protein
  
  

Gene name	spoVAD
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	binding protein for DPA
Function	likely germination protein
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: spoVAD
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: Lys, Thr
MW, pI	35 kDa, 5.243
Gene length, protein length	1014 bp, 338 aa
Immediate neighbours	spoVAEB, spoVAC
Get the DNA and protein sequences (Barbe et al., 2009)
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

germination, membrane proteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

SigG regulon, SpoVT regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU23410

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • maybe involved in spore germination PubMed
  • binding of both DPA(2,6) and Ca(2+)-DPA(2,6) PubMed

• Protein family:

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:

• Localization:
  • outer surface of the inner spore membrane PubMed

Database entries

• Structure: 3LM6

• UniProt: P40869

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: spoVAA-spoVAB-spoVAC-spoVAD-spoVAEB-spoVAEA-spoVAF-lysA PubMed

• Expression browser: spoVAD PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigG PubMed

• Regulation:
  • expressed late during sporulation in the forespore (SigG, SpoVT) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • SpoVT: transcription activation PubMed

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

• Peter Setlow, University of Connecticut Health Center, USA

References

Additional publications: PubMed

George Korza, Peter Setlow
Topology and accessibility of germination proteins in the Bacillus subtilis spore inner membrane.
J Bacteriol: 2013, 195(7);1484-91
[PubMed:23335419] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Kerry-Ann V Stewart, Xuan Yi, Sonali Ghosh, Peter Setlow
Germination protein levels and rates of germination of spores of Bacillus subtilis with overexpressed or deleted genes encoding germination proteins.
J Bacteriol: 2012, 194(12);3156-64
[PubMed:22493018] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Yunfeng Li, Andrew Davis, George Korza, Pengfei Zhang, Yong-qing Li, Barbara Setlow, Peter Setlow, Bing Hao
Role of a SpoVA protein in dipicolinic acid uptake into developing spores of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2012, 194(8);1875-84
[PubMed:22328679] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Arturo Ramirez-Peralta, Pengfei Zhang, Yong-Qing Li, Peter Setlow
Effects of sporulation conditions on the germination and germination protein levels of Bacillus subtilis spores.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2012, 78(8);2689-97
[PubMed:22327596] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Venkata Ramana Vepachedu, Peter Setlow
Analysis of interactions between nutrient germinant receptors and SpoVA proteins of Bacillus subtilis spores.
FEMS Microbiol Lett: 2007, 274(1);42-7
[PubMed:17573930] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Venkata Ramana Vepachedu, Peter Setlow
Role of SpoVA proteins in release of dipicolinic acid during germination of Bacillus subtilis spores triggered by dodecylamine or lysozyme.
J Bacteriol: 2007, 189(5);1565-72
[PubMed:17158659] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Venkata Ramana Vepachedu, Peter Setlow
Localization of SpoVAD to the inner membrane of spores of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2005, 187(16);5677-82
[PubMed:16077113] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Leif Steil, Mónica Serrano, Adriano O Henriques, Uwe Völker
Genome-wide analysis of temporally regulated and compartment-specific gene expression in sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis.
Microbiology (Reading): 2005, 151(Pt 2);399-420
[PubMed:15699190] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Venkata Ramana Vepachedu, Peter Setlow
Analysis of the germination of spores of Bacillus subtilis with temperature sensitive spo mutations in the spoVA operon.
FEMS Microbiol Lett: 2004, 239(1);71-7
[PubMed:15451103] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Federico Tovar-Rojo, Monica Chander, Barbara Setlow, Peter Setlow
The products of the spoVA operon are involved in dipicolinic acid uptake into developing spores of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2002, 184(2);584-7
[PubMed:11751839] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

I Bagyan, J Hobot, S Cutting
A compartmentalized regulator of developmental gene expression in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1996, 178(15);4500-7
[PubMed:8755877] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

V Azevedo, A Sorokin, S D Ehrlich, P Serror
The transcriptional organization of the Bacillus subtilis 168 chromosome region between the spoVAF and serA genetic loci.
Mol Microbiol: 1993, 10(2);397-405
[PubMed:7934830] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

B Moldover, P J Piggot, M D Yudkin
Identification of the promoter and the transcriptional start site of the spoVA operon of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis.
J Gen Microbiol: 1991, 137(3);527-31
[PubMed:1903432] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J Errington, J Mandelstam
Use of a lacZ gene fusion to determine the dependence pattern and the spore compartment expression of sporulation operon spoVA in spo mutants of Bacillus subtilis.
J Gen Microbiol: 1986, 132(11);2977-85
[PubMed:3114420] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

P Fort, J Errington
Nucleotide sequence and complementation analysis of a polycistronic sporulation operon, spoVA, in Bacillus subtilis.
J Gen Microbiol: 1985, 131(5);1091-105
[PubMed:3926949] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J Errington, J Mandelstam
Genetic and phenotypic characterization of a cluster of mutations in the spoVA locus of Bacillus subtilis.
J Gen Microbiol: 1984, 130(8);2115-21
[PubMed:6432957] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)