Cell wall synthesis

Parent categories	1. Cellular processes 1.1. Cell wall and cell division
Neighbouring categories	1.1.1. Cell wall synthesis 1.1.2. Cell shape 1.1.3. Cell wall degradation/ turnover 1.1.4. Capsule biosynthesis and degradation 1.1.5. Cell wall/ other 1.1.6. Membrane dynamics 1.1.7. Cell division
Related categories	Cell shape Cell division Penicillin-binding proteins L-forms Cell wall biosynthetic complex Cell wall synthesis in SubtiPathways
Overview on the categories (Excel file) All genes and their categories (Excel file)

Cell wall synthesis is intimately linked to the determination of cell shape. The proteins involved in both functions interact in the cell wall biosynthetic complex.

Genes in this functional category

Biosynthesis of peptidoglycan

• alr
• amj
• asd
• dapA
• dapB
• dapF
• dapG
• dapI
• dat
• ddl
• gcaD
• glmM
• glmS
• ldcB
• ldt
• mraY
• murAA
• murAB
• murB
• murC
• murD
• murE
• murF
• murG
• murJ
• patA
• racE
• spoVB
• spoVE
• walJ
• yabM
• ykuQ
• yrpC
• yrrL

Autolytic activity required for peptidoglycan synthesis (cell elongation)

• cwlO
• lytE
• ftsE
• ftsX

Biosynthesis of lipoteichoic acid

• dgkA
• dgkB
• ltaS
• yfnI
• yqgS
• yvgJ

Biosynthesis of teichoic acid

• dltA
• dltB
• dltC
• dltD
• dltE
• ggaA
• ggaB
• gtaB
• gtaC
• mnaA
• pgcA
• tagA
• tagB
• tagC
• tagD
• tagE
• tagF
• tagO

Biosynthesis of teichuronic acid

• tuaA/1
• tuaA/2
• tuaB
• tuaC
• tuaD
• tuaE
• tuaF
• tuaG
• tuaH

Penicillin-binding proteins

• dacA
• dacB
• dacC
• dacF
• pbpA
• pbpB
• pbpC
• pbpD
• pbpE
• pbpF
• pbpG
• pbpH
• pbpI
• pbpX
• ponA
• spoVD

Export of anionic polymers and attachment to peptidoglycan

• tagG
• tagH
• tagT
• tagU
• tagV

Biosynthesis of the carrier lipid undecaprenylphosphate

• bcrC
• uppS

Important Original Publications

Morgan Beeby, James C Gumbart, Benoît Roux, Grant J Jensen
Architecture and assembly of the Gram-positive cell wall.
Mol Microbiol: 2013, 88(4);664-72
[PubMed:23600697] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Siyuan Wang, Leon Furchtgott, Kerwyn Casey Huang, Joshua W Shaevitz
Helical insertion of peptidoglycan produces chiral ordering of the bacterial cell wall.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2012, 109(10);E595-604
[PubMed:22343529] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

N V Potekhina, G M Streshinskaya, E M Tul'skaya, Yu I Kozlova, S N Senchenkova, A S Shashkov
Phosphate-containing cell wall polymers of bacilli.
Biochemistry (Mosc): 2011, 76(7);745-54
[PubMed:21999535] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Ethan C Garner, Remi Bernard, Wenqin Wang, Xiaowei Zhuang, David Z Rudner, Tim Mitchison
Coupled, circumferential motions of the cell wall synthesis machinery and MreB filaments in B. subtilis.
Science: 2011, 333(6039);222-5
[PubMed:21636745] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Julia Domínguez-Escobar, Arnaud Chastanet, Alvaro H Crevenna, Vincent Fromion, Roland Wedlich-Söldner, Rut Carballido-López
Processive movement of MreB-associated cell wall biosynthetic complexes in bacteria.
Science: 2011, 333(6039);225-8
[PubMed:21636744] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Important Reviews

Alexander J F Egan, Waldemar Vollmer
The stoichiometric divisome: a hypothesis.
Front Microbiol: 2015, 6;455
[PubMed:26029191] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P e)

Dennis Claessen, Gilles P van Wezel
Off the wall.
Elife: 2014, 3;
[PubMed:25427009] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Matthew G Percy, Angelika Gründling
Lipoteichoic acid synthesis and function in gram-positive bacteria.
Annu Rev Microbiol: 2014, 68;81-100
[PubMed:24819367] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Robert D Turner, Waldemar Vollmer, Simon J Foster
Different walls for rods and balls: the diversity of peptidoglycan.
Mol Microbiol: 2014, 91(5);862-74
[PubMed:24405365] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Timothy K Lee, Kerwyn Casey Huang
The role of hydrolases in bacterial cell-wall growth.
Curr Opin Microbiol: 2013, 16(6);760-6
[PubMed:24035761] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Stephanie Brown, John P Santa Maria, Suzanne Walker
Wall teichoic acids of gram-positive bacteria.
Annu Rev Microbiol: 2013, 67;313-36
[PubMed:24024634] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Mariana G Pinho, Morten Kjos, Jan-Willem Veening
How to get (a)round: mechanisms controlling growth and division of coccoid bacteria.
Nat Rev Microbiol: 2013, 11(9);601-14
[PubMed:23949602] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Orietta Massidda, Linda Nováková, Waldemar Vollmer
From models to pathogens: how much have we learned about Streptococcus pneumoniae cell division?
Environ Microbiol: 2013, 15(12);3133-57
[PubMed:23848140] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

David L Popham
Visualizing the production and arrangement of peptidoglycan in Gram-positive cells.
Mol Microbiol: 2013, 88(4);645-9
[PubMed:23551458] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Nathalie T Reichmann, Angelika Gründling
Location, synthesis and function of glycolipids and polyglycerolphosphate lipoteichoic acid in Gram-positive bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes.
FEMS Microbiol Lett: 2011, 319(2);97-105
[PubMed:21388439] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Iain C Sutcliffe
Priming and elongation: dissection of the lipoteichoic acid biosynthetic pathway in Gram-positive bacteria.
Mol Microbiol: 2011, 79(3);553-6
[PubMed:21255102] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Waldemar Vollmer, Stephen J Seligman
Architecture of peptidoglycan: more data and more models.
Trends Microbiol: 2010, 18(2);59-66
[PubMed:20060721] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Amit P Bhavsar, Eric D Brown
Cell wall assembly in Bacillus subtilis: how spirals and spaces challenge paradigms.
Mol Microbiol: 2006, 60(5);1077-90
[PubMed:16689786] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

George C Stewart
Taking shape: control of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 57(5);1177-81
[PubMed:16101993] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)