View source for Two-component systems

Two component systems are signal transduction systems that consist of a sensor kinase and a response regulator (usually a [[transcription factors|transcription factor]]). The kinase autophosphorylates on a His residue (more preciely, one subunit of the dimeric kinase phosphorylates the His residue of the other subunit), and the phosphate group can then be transferred to an aspartate residue in the cognate response regulator. Some response regulators can also autophosphorylate using acety-phosphate as the phosphate donor.
More complex signal transduction systems of this class are called [[phosphorelay]]. The paradigm for a [[phosphorelay]] is the pathway leading to the phosphorylation of [[Spo0A]].

==Two-component systems in ''B. subtilis'' (kinase, regulator)==
* NarL-family
** [[ComP]], [[ComA]]
** [[DegS]], [[DegU]]
** [[DesK]], [[DesR]]
** [[LiaS]], [[LiaR]]
** [[YdfH]], [[YdfI]]
** [[YfiJ]], [[YfiK]]
** [[YhcY]], [[YhcZ]]
** [[YvfT]], [[YvfU]]
** [[YxjM]], [[YxjL]]

* OmpR family
** [[BceS]], [[BceR]]
** [[CssS]], [[CssR]]
** [[NatK]], [[NatR]]
** [[PhoR]], [[PhoP]]
** [[ResE]], [[ResD]]
** [[WalK]], [[WalR]]: the only essential two-component system!
** [[YbdK]], [[YbdJ]]
** [[YcbM]], [[YcbL]]
** [[YclK]], [[YclJ]]
** [[YkoH]], [[YkoG]]
** [[YrkO]], [[YrkP]]
** [[YvcQ]], [[YvcP]]
** [[YvrG]], [[YvrHb]]
** [[YxdK]], [[YxdJ]]

* CheY family
** [[CheA]], [[CheY]]

* DctR family
** [[CitS]], [[CitT]]
** [[DctS]], [[DctR]]
** [[GlnK]], [[GlnL]]
** [[MalK]], [[MalR]]

* LytT family
** [[LytS]], [[LytT]]
** [[YesM]], [[YesN]]
** [[YwpD]] (orphan kinase)

* Orphan response regulator
** [[YneI]]

==The [[phosphorelay]]==
* Kinases
** [[KinA]]
** [[KinB]]
** [[KinC]]
** [[KinD]]
** [[KinE]]

* Phosphotranferases
** [[Spo0F]]
** [[Spo0B]]

* The ultimate target
** [[Spo0A]]

==Related lists==
* [[phosphorelay]]
* [[response regulator aspartate phosphatases]]
* [[phosphoproteins]]
* [[protein kinases and phosphatases]]

==Reviews==
<pubmed>17338439 19575571 11406410 10966457 10932244 17158704 10094672 11489844 1664534 17433693 10745001  17913492 18832064 19943903 20117042 18076326 20080056 20133181 20133179 </pubmed>