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spx
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spx

transcriptional regulator Spx, involved in regulation of many genes, important for the prevention of protein aggregation during severe heat stress, required for protection against paraquat stress
locus
BSU_11500
pI
7.91
mw
15.39 kDa
protein length
131 aa Sequence Blast
gene length
396 bp Sequence Blast
function
negative and positive regulator of many genes
product
transcriptional regulator Spx
essential
no
synonyms
yjbD
Outlinks
KEGGBsubCycSubtiListUniProtExpression Browser

Genomic Context

      

categories

  • [category|SW 3|Information processing] → [category|SW 3.4|Regulation of gene expression] → [category|SW 3.4.2|Transcription factors and their control] → [category|SW 3.4.2.5|Transcription factors/ other]
  • [category|SW 4|Lifestyles] → [category|SW 4.3|Coping with stress] → [category|SW 4.3.1|General stress proteins (controlled by SigB)]
  • [category|SW 4|Lifestyles] → [category|SW 4.3|Coping with stress] → [category|SW 4.3.2|Cell envelope stress proteins (controlled by SigM, V, W, X, Y)]
  • [category|SW 4|Lifestyles] → [category|SW 4.3|Coping with stress] → [category|SW 4.3.8|Resistance against oxidative and electrophile stress]
  • [category|SW 6|Groups of genes] → [category|SW 6.4|Phosphoproteins] → [category|SW 6.4.1|Phosphorylation on an Arg residue]

    • Gene

    Coordinates
    1,227,697 1,228,092

    Phenotypes of a mutant

  • Loss of up-regulation of the methionine sulfoxide reductase (''[gene|389245FDE13226D65DF117E28B5DA346DC856860|msrA]-[gene|BF8A3C916C4B673D30AEF7C330C9BD5A487AB0EA|msrB]'') operon in response to thiol specific oxidative stress, also loss of ''[gene|4E5C84FDC8FE2FEFF47306C91ECAB7F17D3E38E9|trxA]'' and ''[gene|1BC439BBCD5FE19D5780519D7E4317C2EFF0D21B|trxB]'' upregulation in response to thiol specific oxidative stress.

    • The protein

    Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity

  • transcriptional regulator of many genes in response to thiol specific oxidative stress (transcription activator of [gene|4E5C84FDC8FE2FEFF47306C91ECAB7F17D3E38E9|trxA] and [gene|1BC439BBCD5FE19D5780519D7E4317C2EFF0D21B|trxB])
  • in addition, Spx inhibits transcription by binding to the C-terminal domain of the alpha subunit of RNAP ([protein|5996A5C25E108A3C4562686BF34A59CB14FD56EB|RpoA]), disrupting complex formation between RNAP and certain transcriptional activator proteins like [protein|1E829D639BADDC6BDC9B5FB4C97A632A53FDDB24|ResD] and [protein|7832489F11F606BCF637EC23BAAB41AD10237EBB|ComA]
  • in response to thiol specific oxidative stress, Spx can also activate transcription, making it a general regulator that exerts both positive and negative control over transcription initiation
  • involved in competence regulation [Pubmed|11703662]
  • inhibits expression of translation-related genes during heat stress [pubmed|30480837]

    • Protein family

  • ArsC family (with [protein|6A38DAA96F7BBF31FD8A4018A8CA7A72F3C28F79|MgsR] and [protein|5278DD377B110CC14E239B9428F1985B472EEDF5|YusI], according to UniProt)

    • Paralogous protein(s)

  • [protein|6A38DAA96F7BBF31FD8A4018A8CA7A72F3C28F79|MgsR]

    • [SW|Domains]

  • CXXC (10-13): Acts as a disulfide switch for the redox-sensitive transcriptional regulation of genes that function in thiol homeostasis.

    • Modification

  • Cysteine oxidation of CXXC motif
  • phosphorylation on R14, R91, R100, R112 by McsB, dephosphosphorylation by YwlE [pubmed|30962353]

    • Structure

  • [PDB|1Z3E] complex with C-terminal domain of [protein|5996A5C25E108A3C4562686BF34A59CB14FD56EB|RpoA] [pubmed|16249335]
  • [PDB|6GHB] (complexed with oxidized Geobacillus kaustophilus [protein|87124945A1CBF7990856FBEB9EAD25096DAC0868|YjbH]) [Pubmed|30982633]
  • [PDB|6GHO] (complexed with Geobacillus kaustophilus [protein|87124945A1CBF7990856FBEB9EAD25096DAC0868|YjbH]) [Pubmed|30982633]

    • [SW|Localization]

  • cytoplasm (according to UniProt)

    • Expression and Regulation

    Operons

    genes
    [gene|2C6386E9A63F410558D168798D077DF91590F454|spx]
    description
    [Pubmed|10913081]

    sigma factors

  • [protein|3D974DD2967C7F8FD4E3C2AF42617B8AE9F0296D|SigW]: sigma factor, four promoters upstream of [protein|54D021424B31A8244F0F4B32EF9483CF27F90D43|YjbC], in [regulon|3D974DD2967C7F8FD4E3C2AF42617B8AE9F0296D|SigW regulon]
  • [protein|580011DE5DC40EC9E7E0512791D328FAA010DCB8|SigB]: sigma factor, four promoters upstream of [protein|54D021424B31A8244F0F4B32EF9483CF27F90D43|YjbC], in [regulon|580011DE5DC40EC9E7E0512791D328FAA010DCB8|SigB regulon]
  • [protein|E77364F274A520FCCA9F5C9504E317B047BA29E6|SigX]: sigma factor, four promoters upstream of [protein|54D021424B31A8244F0F4B32EF9483CF27F90D43|YjbC] [PubMed|10913081], in [regulon|E77364F274A520FCCA9F5C9504E317B047BA29E6|SigX regulon]
  • [protein|081DF3EE9FA56209D648C7677188C61CE3AA8E41|SigM]: sigma factor, four promoters upstream of [protein|54D021424B31A8244F0F4B32EF9483CF27F90D43|YjbC] [Pubmed|17434969], in [regulon|081DF3EE9FA56209D648C7677188C61CE3AA8E41|SigM regulon]
  • [protein|360F48D576DE950DF79C1A2677B7A35A8D8CC30C|SigA]: sigma factor, four promoters upstream of [protein|54D021424B31A8244F0F4B32EF9483CF27F90D43|YjbC], in [regulon|360F48D576DE950DF79C1A2677B7A35A8D8CC30C|SigA regulon]

    • regulatory mechanism

  • [protein|00BCAAE16576DC5426A652580C69A570FC7A1C2C|PerR]: repression, [Pubmed|17158660], in [regulon|00BCAAE16576DC5426A652580C69A570FC7A1C2C|PerR regulon]

    • regulation

  • induced by stress ([protein|580011DE5DC40EC9E7E0512791D328FAA010DCB8|SigB]) [Pubmed|15805528]
    • view in new tab

    genes
    [gene|54D021424B31A8244F0F4B32EF9483CF27F90D43|yjbC]-[gene|2C6386E9A63F410558D168798D077DF91590F454|spx]
    description
    [Pubmed|10913081]

    sigma factors

  • [protein|081DF3EE9FA56209D648C7677188C61CE3AA8E41|SigM]: sigma factor, [Pubmed|17434969], in [regulon|081DF3EE9FA56209D648C7677188C61CE3AA8E41|SigM regulon]
  • [protein|3D974DD2967C7F8FD4E3C2AF42617B8AE9F0296D|SigW]: sigma factor, in [regulon|3D974DD2967C7F8FD4E3C2AF42617B8AE9F0296D|SigW regulon]
  • [protein|580011DE5DC40EC9E7E0512791D328FAA010DCB8|SigB]: sigma factor, in [regulon|580011DE5DC40EC9E7E0512791D328FAA010DCB8|SigB regulon]
  • [protein|E77364F274A520FCCA9F5C9504E317B047BA29E6|SigX]: sigma factor, [PubMed|10913081], in [regulon|E77364F274A520FCCA9F5C9504E317B047BA29E6|SigX regulon]

    • regulatory mechanism

  • [protein|00BCAAE16576DC5426A652580C69A570FC7A1C2C|PerR]: repression, [Pubmed|17158660], in [regulon|00BCAAE16576DC5426A652580C69A570FC7A1C2C|PerR regulon]

    • regulation

  • induced by stress ([protein|580011DE5DC40EC9E7E0512791D328FAA010DCB8|SigB]) [Pubmed|15805528]
    • view in new tab

    additional information

  • post-translational control by [protein|297F53DAD3351E0C55108DD2C93B78FFB174438C|ClpX]-[protein|CB06A70DE7462CEB7AF5D8C28943C878DD56DE1A|ClpP]: Spx naturally contains a C-terminal sequence that resembles the [protein|5C12BB19B975F7FEBCFA119DAC66338C20FCECFA|SsrA] tag and targets the protein for degradation. [pubmed|12642660]

    • Biological materials

    Mutant

  • MGNA-B151 (yjbD::erm), available at the [https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/bsub/resource/strainGeneDisrupted/detail/1150 NBRP B. subtilis, Japan]
  • GPUG3 (spc), available in [SW|Ulf Gerth]s and [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s labs
  • GP1788 (spc), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
  • ORB6781 (spc), ORB6876 (tet), available in [SW|Zuber] lab, also available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
  • 1A917 ( ''spx''::''spec''), [Pubmed|21949854], available at [http://pasture.asc.ohio-state.edu/BGSC/getdetail.cfm?bgscid=1A917&Search=1A917 BGSC]
  • 1A916 ( ''spx''::''tet''), [Pubmed|21949854], available at [http://pasture.asc.ohio-state.edu/BGSC/getdetail.cfm?bgscid=1A916&Search=1A916 BGSC]
  • BKE11500 ([gene|2C6386E9A63F410558D168798D077DF91590F454|spx]::erm trpC2) available at [http://www.bgsc.org/getdetail.php?bgscid=BKE11500 BGSC], [Pubmed|28189581], upstream reverse: _UP1_CATTCATCTTCACTCCTCTA, downstream forward: _UP4_TAATAGATCGTATCATCAAA
  • BKK11500 ([gene|2C6386E9A63F410558D168798D077DF91590F454|spx]::kan trpC2) available at [http://www.bgsc.org/getdetail.php?bgscid=BKK11500 BGSC], [Pubmed|28189581], upstream reverse: _UP1_CATTCATCTTCACTCCTCTA, downstream forward: _UP4_TAATAGATCGTATCATCAAA

    • two-hybrid system

  • ''B. pertussis'' adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system ([SW|BACTH]), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab

    • labs

  • [SW|Peter Zuber], Oregon Health and Science University, USA, [http://www.ogi.edu/people/dsp_person.cfm?person_id=411D6801-2A56-D16D-58A06B4480EDB9C7 Homepage]
  • [SW|Richard Brennan], Houston, Texas, USA [http://www.mdanderson.org/departments/biochem/display.cfm?id=556ef368-6c81-4043-b74f350d41dd06cb&method=displayfull&pn=a8427ebd-d0ff-11d4-80fd00508b603a14 Homepage]

    • References

    Reviews

  • 19575568,20626317,30830258,31655740

    • The [SW|Spx regulon]

  • 15937167,14597697,15028674,22904090,29271514

    • Structural analysis of Spx

  • 19580872,16249335,23813734

    • Original Publications

  • 21378193,22307755,18487332,17908206,17434969,17158660,19074380,15805528,18662407,16885442,18179421,17434969,17908206,17158660,11703662,15659166,12642660,12057962,10482513,18687074,12775685,16740936,17827297,20084284,20057163,10913081,21815947,23894131,23934352,22582280,24417481,24942655,25353645,25433860,27191337,28484046,30001325,30480837,30718304,30982633,30962353